feat: support self-signed chatmail relays (#855)

feat: support self-signed TLS via underscore domain convention
Domains starting with "_" (e.g. _chat.example.org) automatically use
self-signed TLS certificates instead of ACME/Let's Encrypt. The TLS
mode is derived from the domain name — no separate config option needed.

Internally, when config.tls_cert_mode is "self" (underscore domain):
- Generate self-signed certificates via openssl
- Set Postfix smtp_tls_security_level to "encrypt" (opportunistic TLS)
- Add smtp_tls_policy_map entry for underscore domains
- Skip ACME, MTA-STS and www CNAME checks in `cmdeploy dns`
- Serve /new via GET (not redirect to dcaccount:) with rate-limiting
  (nginx limit_req, 2r/s burst=5)
- Return dclogin: URLs with ic=3 (AcceptInvalidCertificates) from /new
- Render QR codes client-side via JavaScript and qrcode-svg
- Use config.tls_cert_path/tls_key_path in Postfix, Dovecot and nginx
  templates instead of hardcoded ACME paths
This commit is contained in:
holger krekel
2026-02-19 10:27:41 +01:00
committed by GitHub
parent 36eb63faa1
commit cf96be2cbb
27 changed files with 350 additions and 74 deletions

View File

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
{{ mail_domain }}. AAAA {{ AAAA }}
{% endif %}
{{ mail_domain }}. MX 10 {{ mail_domain }}.
{% if strict_tls %}
_mta-sts.{{ mail_domain }}. TXT "v=STSv1; id={{ sts_id }}"
mta-sts.{{ mail_domain }}. CNAME {{ mail_domain }}.
{% endif %}
www.{{ mail_domain }}. CNAME {{ mail_domain }}.
{{ dkim_entry }}

View File

@@ -91,9 +91,10 @@ def run_cmd(args, out):
ssh_host = args.ssh_host if args.ssh_host else args.config.mail_domain
sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host)
require_iroh = args.config.enable_iroh_relay
strict_tls = args.config.tls_cert_mode == "acme"
if not args.dns_check_disabled:
remote_data = dns.get_initial_remote_data(sshexec, args.config.mail_domain)
if not dns.check_initial_remote_data(remote_data, print=out.red):
if not dns.check_initial_remote_data(remote_data, strict_tls=strict_tls, print=out.red):
return 1
env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ def run_cmd(args, out):
out.red("Website deployment failed.")
elif retcode == 0:
out.green("Deploy completed, call `cmdeploy dns` next.")
elif not args.dns_check_disabled and not remote_data["acme_account_url"]:
elif not args.dns_check_disabled and strict_tls and not remote_data["acme_account_url"]:
out.red("Deploy completed but letsencrypt not configured")
out.red("Run 'cmdeploy run' again")
retcode = 0
@@ -151,11 +152,13 @@ def dns_cmd(args, out):
"""Check DNS entries and optionally generate dns zone file."""
ssh_host = args.ssh_host if args.ssh_host else args.config.mail_domain
sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host, verbose=args.verbose)
tls_cert_mode = args.config.tls_cert_mode
strict_tls = tls_cert_mode == "acme"
remote_data = dns.get_initial_remote_data(sshexec, args.config.mail_domain)
if not remote_data:
if not dns.check_initial_remote_data(remote_data, strict_tls=strict_tls):
return 1
if not remote_data["acme_account_url"]:
if strict_tls and not remote_data["acme_account_url"]:
out.red("could not get letsencrypt account url, please run 'cmdeploy run'")
return 1
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ def dns_cmd(args, out):
out.red("could not determine dkim_entry, please run 'cmdeploy run'")
return 1
remote_data["strict_tls"] = strict_tls
zonefile = dns.get_filled_zone_file(remote_data)
if args.zonefile:

View File

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, pip, server, systemd
from cmdeploy.cmdeploy import Out
from .acmetool import AcmetoolDeployer
from .selfsigned.deployer import SelfSignedTlsDeployer
from .basedeploy import (
Deployer,
Deployment,
@@ -569,7 +570,10 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
port_services = [
(["master", "smtpd"], 25),
("unbound", 53),
("acmetool", 80),
]
if config.tls_cert_mode == "acme":
port_services.append(("acmetool", 80))
port_services += [
(["imap-login", "dovecot"], 143),
("nginx", 443),
(["master", "smtpd"], 465),
@@ -597,6 +601,11 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
tls_domains = [mail_domain, f"mta-sts.{mail_domain}", f"www.{mail_domain}"]
if config.tls_cert_mode == "acme":
tls_deployer = AcmetoolDeployer(config.acme_email, tls_domains)
else:
tls_deployer = SelfSignedTlsDeployer(mail_domain)
all_deployers = [
ChatmailDeployer(mail_domain),
LegacyRemoveDeployer(),
@@ -605,7 +614,7 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
UnboundDeployer(config),
TurnDeployer(mail_domain),
IrohDeployer(config.enable_iroh_relay),
AcmetoolDeployer(config.acme_email, tls_domains),
tls_deployer,
WebsiteDeployer(config),
ChatmailVenvDeployer(config),
MtastsDeployer(),

View File

@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ def get_initial_remote_data(sshexec, mail_domain):
)
def check_initial_remote_data(remote_data, *, print=print):
def check_initial_remote_data(remote_data, *, strict_tls=True, print=print):
mail_domain = remote_data["mail_domain"]
if not remote_data["A"] and not remote_data["AAAA"]:
print(f"Missing A and/or AAAA DNS records for {mail_domain}!")
elif remote_data["MTA_STS"] != f"{mail_domain}.":
elif strict_tls and remote_data["MTA_STS"] != f"{mail_domain}.":
print("Missing MTA-STS CNAME record:")
print(f"mta-sts.{mail_domain}. CNAME {mail_domain}.")
elif remote_data["WWW"] != f"{mail_domain}.":
elif strict_tls and remote_data["WWW"] != f"{mail_domain}.":
print("Missing www CNAME record:")
print(f"www.{mail_domain}. CNAME {mail_domain}.")
else:

View File

@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ service anvil {
}
ssl = required
ssl_cert = </var/lib/acme/live/{{ config.mail_domain }}/fullchain
ssl_key = </var/lib/acme/live/{{ config.mail_domain }}/privkey
ssl_cert = <{{ config.tls_cert_path }}
ssl_key = <{{ config.tls_key_path }}
ssl_dh = </usr/share/dovecot/dh.pem
ssl_min_protocol = TLSv1.3
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = yes

View File

@@ -1,47 +1,47 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<clientConfig version="1.1">
<emailProvider id="{{ config.domain_name }}">
<domain>{{ config.domain_name }}</domain>
<displayName>{{ config.domain_name }} chatmail</displayName>
<displayShortName>{{ config.domain_name }}</displayShortName>
<emailProvider id="{{ config.mail_domain }}">
<domain>{{ config.mail_domain }}</domain>
<displayName>{{ config.mail_domain }} chatmail</displayName>
<displayShortName>{{ config.mail_domain }}</displayShortName>
<incomingServer type="imap">
<hostname>{{ config.domain_name }}</hostname>
<hostname>{{ config.mail_domain }}</hostname>
<port>993</port>
<socketType>SSL</socketType>
<authentication>password-cleartext</authentication>
<username>%EMAILADDRESS%</username>
</incomingServer>
<incomingServer type="imap">
<hostname>{{ config.domain_name }}</hostname>
<hostname>{{ config.mail_domain }}</hostname>
<port>143</port>
<socketType>STARTTLS</socketType>
<authentication>password-cleartext</authentication>
<username>%EMAILADDRESS%</username>
</incomingServer>
<incomingServer type="imap">
<hostname>{{ config.domain_name }}</hostname>
<hostname>{{ config.mail_domain }}</hostname>
<port>443</port>
<socketType>SSL</socketType>
<authentication>password-cleartext</authentication>
<username>%EMAILADDRESS%</username>
</incomingServer>
<outgoingServer type="smtp">
<hostname>{{ config.domain_name }}</hostname>
<hostname>{{ config.mail_domain }}</hostname>
<port>465</port>
<socketType>SSL</socketType>
<authentication>password-cleartext</authentication>
<username>%EMAILADDRESS%</username>
</outgoingServer>
<outgoingServer type="smtp">
<hostname>{{ config.domain_name }}</hostname>
<hostname>{{ config.mail_domain }}</hostname>
<port>587</port>
<socketType>STARTTLS</socketType>
<authentication>password-cleartext</authentication>
<username>%EMAILADDRESS%</username>
</outgoingServer>
<outgoingServer type="smtp">
<hostname>{{ config.domain_name }}</hostname>
<hostname>{{ config.mail_domain }}</hostname>
<port>443</port>
<socketType>SSL</socketType>
<authentication>password-cleartext</authentication>

View File

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def _configure_nginx(config: Config, debug: bool = False) -> bool:
user="root",
group="root",
mode="644",
config={"domain_name": config.mail_domain},
config=config,
disable_ipv6=config.disable_ipv6,
)
need_restart |= main_config.changed
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def _configure_nginx(config: Config, debug: bool = False) -> bool:
user="root",
group="root",
mode="644",
config={"domain_name": config.mail_domain},
config=config,
)
need_restart |= autoconfig.changed
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def _configure_nginx(config: Config, debug: bool = False) -> bool:
user="root",
group="root",
mode="644",
config={"domain_name": config.mail_domain},
config=config,
)
need_restart |= mta_sts_config.changed

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
version: STSv1
mode: enforce
mx: {{ config.domain_name }}
mx: {{ config.mail_domain }}
max_age: 2419200

View File

@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ stream {
}
http {
{% if config.tls_cert_mode == "self" %}
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=newaccount:10m rate=2r/s;
{% endif %}
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
@@ -53,8 +56,8 @@ http {
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_certificate /var/lib/acme/live/{{ config.domain_name }}/fullchain;
ssl_certificate_key /var/lib/acme/live/{{ config.domain_name }}/privkey;
ssl_certificate {{ config.tls_cert_path }};
ssl_certificate_key {{ config.tls_key_path }};
gzip on;
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ http {
index index.html index.htm;
server_name {{ config.domain_name }} www.{{ config.domain_name }} mta-sts.{{ config.domain_name }};
server_name {{ config.mail_domain }} www.{{ config.mail_domain }} mta-sts.{{ config.mail_domain }};
access_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log,facility=local7;
@@ -81,11 +84,15 @@ http {
}
location /new {
{% if config.tls_cert_mode == "acme" %}
if ($request_method = GET) {
# Redirect to Delta Chat,
# which will in turn do a POST request.
return 301 dcaccount:https://{{ config.domain_name }}/new;
return 301 dcaccount:https://{{ config.mail_domain }}/new;
}
{% else %}
limit_req zone=newaccount burst=5 nodelay;
{% endif %}
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
@@ -99,9 +106,11 @@ http {
#
# Redirects are only for browsers.
location /cgi-bin/newemail.py {
{% if config.tls_cert_mode == "acme" %}
if ($request_method = GET) {
return 301 dcaccount:https://{{ config.domain_name }}/new;
return 301 dcaccount:https://{{ config.mail_domain }}/new;
}
{% endif %}
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
@@ -132,8 +141,8 @@ http {
# Redirect www. to non-www
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:8443 ssl;
server_name www.{{ config.domain_name }};
return 301 $scheme://{{ config.domain_name }}$request_uri;
server_name www.{{ config.mail_domain }};
return 301 $scheme://{{ config.mail_domain }}$request_uri;
access_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log,facility=local7;
}
}

View File

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ readme_directory = no
compatibility_level = 3.6
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/var/lib/acme/live/{{ config.mail_domain }}/fullchain
smtpd_tls_key_file=/var/lib/acme/live/{{ config.mail_domain }}/privkey
smtpd_tls_cert_file={{ config.tls_cert_path }}
smtpd_tls_key_file={{ config.tls_key_path }}
smtpd_tls_security_level=may
smtp_tls_CApath=/etc/ssl/certs
smtp_tls_security_level=verify
smtp_tls_security_level={{ "verify" if config.tls_cert_mode == "acme" else "encrypt" }}
# Send SNI extension when connecting to other servers.
# <https://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#smtp_tls_servername>
smtp_tls_servername = hostname

View File

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
/^\[[^]]+\]$/ encrypt
/^_/ encrypt
/^nauta\.cu$/ may

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server
from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer
class SelfSignedTlsDeployer(Deployer):
"""Generates a self-signed TLS certificate for all chatmail endpoints."""
def __init__(self, mail_domain):
self.mail_domain = mail_domain
self.cert_path = "/etc/ssl/certs/mailserver.pem"
self.key_path = "/etc/ssl/private/mailserver.key"
def install(self):
apt.packages(
name="Install openssl",
packages=["openssl"],
)
def configure(self):
server.shell(
name="Generate self-signed TLS certificate if not present",
commands=[
f"[ -f {self.cert_path} ] || openssl req -x509"
f" -newkey ec -pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:P-256"
f" -noenc -days 36500"
f" -keyout {self.key_path}"
f" -out {self.cert_path}"
f' -subj "/CN={self.mail_domain}"'
f' -addext "extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth"'
f' -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:{self.mail_domain},DNS:www.{self.mail_domain},DNS:mta-sts.{self.mail_domain}"',
],
)
def activate(self):
pass

View File

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
import pytest
import requests
from cmdeploy.genqr import gen_qr_png_data
@@ -8,18 +9,33 @@ def test_gen_qr_png_data(maildomain):
assert data
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning")
def test_fastcgi_working(maildomain, chatmail_config):
url = f"https://{maildomain}/new"
print(url)
res = requests.post(url)
verify = chatmail_config.tls_cert_mode == "acme"
res = requests.post(url, verify=verify)
assert maildomain in res.json().get("email")
assert len(res.json().get("password")) > chatmail_config.password_min_length
def test_newemail_configure(maildomain, rpc):
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning")
def test_newemail_configure(maildomain, rpc, chatmail_config):
"""Test configuring accounts by scanning a QR code works."""
url = f"DCACCOUNT:https://{maildomain}/new"
for i in range(3):
account_id = rpc.add_account()
rpc.set_config_from_qr(account_id, url)
rpc.configure(account_id)
if chatmail_config.tls_cert_mode == "self":
# deltachat core's rustls rejects self-signed HTTPS certs during
# set_config_from_qr, so fetch credentials via requests instead
res = requests.post(f"https://{maildomain}/new", verify=False)
data = res.json()
rpc.add_or_update_transport(account_id, {
"addr": data["email"],
"password": data["password"],
"imapServer": maildomain,
"smtpServer": maildomain,
"certificateChecks": "acceptInvalidCertificates",
})
else:
rpc.add_transport_from_qr(account_id, url)

View File

@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@ from cmdeploy.sshexec import SSHExec
@pytest.fixture
def imap_mailbox(cmfactory):
def imap_mailbox(cmfactory, ssl_context):
(ac1,) = cmfactory.get_online_accounts(1)
user = ac1.get_config("addr")
password = ac1.get_config("mail_pw")
mailbox = imap_tools.MailBox(user.split("@")[1])
host = user.split("@")[1]
mailbox = imap_tools.MailBox(host, ssl_context=ssl_context)
mailbox.login(user, password)
mailbox.dc_ac = ac1
return mailbox
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ class TestEndToEndDeltaChat:
time.sleep(1)
def test_hide_senders_ip_address(cmfactory):
def test_hide_senders_ip_address(cmfactory, ssl_context):
public_ip = requests.get("http://icanhazip.com").content.decode().strip()
assert ipaddress.ip_address(public_ip)
@@ -180,6 +181,11 @@ def test_hide_senders_ip_address(cmfactory):
chat.send_text("testing submission header cleanup")
user2._evtracker.wait_next_incoming_message()
user2.direct_imap.select_folder("Inbox")
msg = user2.direct_imap.get_all_messages()[0]
assert public_ip not in msg.obj.as_string()
addr = user2.get_config("addr")
host = addr.split("@")[1]
pw = user2.get_config("mail_pw")
mailbox = imap_tools.MailBox(host, ssl_context=ssl_context)
mailbox.login(addr, pw)
msgs = list(mailbox.fetch(mark_seen=False))
assert msgs, "expected at least one message"
assert public_ip not in msgs[0].obj.as_string()

View File

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import itertools
import os
import random
import smtplib
import ssl
import subprocess
import time
from pathlib import Path
@@ -144,15 +145,25 @@ def pytest_terminal_summary(terminalreporter):
tr.write_line(line)
@pytest.fixture
def imap(maildomain):
return ImapConn(maildomain)
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def ssl_context(chatmail_config):
if chatmail_config.tls_cert_mode == "self":
ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.check_hostname = False
ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
return ctx
return None
@pytest.fixture
def make_imap_connection(maildomain):
def imap(maildomain, ssl_context):
return ImapConn(maildomain, ssl_context=ssl_context)
@pytest.fixture
def make_imap_connection(maildomain, ssl_context):
def make_imap_connection():
conn = ImapConn(maildomain)
conn = ImapConn(maildomain, ssl_context=ssl_context)
conn.connect()
return conn
@@ -164,12 +175,13 @@ class ImapConn:
logcmd = "journalctl -f -u dovecot"
name = "dovecot"
def __init__(self, host):
def __init__(self, host, ssl_context=None):
self.host = host
self.ssl_context = ssl_context
def connect(self):
print(f"imap-connect {self.host}")
self.conn = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.host)
self.conn = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.host, ssl_context=self.ssl_context)
def login(self, user, password):
print(f"imap-login {user!r} {password!r}")
@@ -195,14 +207,14 @@ class ImapConn:
@pytest.fixture
def smtp(maildomain):
return SmtpConn(maildomain)
def smtp(maildomain, ssl_context):
return SmtpConn(maildomain, ssl_context=ssl_context)
@pytest.fixture
def make_smtp_connection(maildomain):
def make_smtp_connection(maildomain, ssl_context):
def make_smtp_connection():
conn = SmtpConn(maildomain)
conn = SmtpConn(maildomain, ssl_context=ssl_context)
conn.connect()
return conn
@@ -214,12 +226,14 @@ class SmtpConn:
logcmd = "journalctl -f -t postfix/smtpd -t postfix/smtp -t postfix/lmtp"
name = "postfix"
def __init__(self, host):
def __init__(self, host, ssl_context=None):
self.host = host
self.ssl_context = ssl_context
def connect(self):
print(f"smtp-connect {self.host}")
self.conn = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.host)
context = self.ssl_context or ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.host, context=context)
def login(self, user, password):
print(f"smtp-login {user!r} {password!r}")
@@ -270,11 +284,12 @@ def gencreds(chatmail_config):
class ChatmailTestProcess:
"""Provider for chatmail instance accounts as used by deltachat.testplugin.acfactory"""
def __init__(self, pytestconfig, maildomain, gencreds):
def __init__(self, pytestconfig, maildomain, gencreds, chatmail_config):
self.pytestconfig = pytestconfig
self.maildomain = maildomain
assert "." in self.maildomain, maildomain
self.gencreds = gencreds
self.chatmail_config = chatmail_config
self._addr2files = {}
def get_liveconfig_producer(self):
@@ -287,6 +302,9 @@ class ChatmailTestProcess:
# speed up account configuration
config["mail_server"] = self.maildomain
config["send_server"] = self.maildomain
if self.chatmail_config.tls_cert_mode == "self":
# Accept self-signed TLS certificates
config["imap_certificate_checks"] = "3"
yield config
def cache_maybe_retrieve_configured_db_files(self, cache_addr, db_target_path):
@@ -297,12 +315,14 @@ class ChatmailTestProcess:
@pytest.fixture
def cmfactory(request, gencreds, tmpdir, maildomain):
def cmfactory(request, gencreds, tmpdir, maildomain, chatmail_config):
# cloned from deltachat.testplugin.amfactory
pytest.importorskip("deltachat")
from deltachat.testplugin import ACFactory
testproc = ChatmailTestProcess(request.config, maildomain, gencreds)
testproc = ChatmailTestProcess(
request.config, maildomain, gencreds, chatmail_config
)
class Data:
def read_path(self, path):
@@ -310,6 +330,10 @@ def cmfactory(request, gencreds, tmpdir, maildomain):
am = ACFactory(request=request, tmpdir=tmpdir, testprocess=testproc, data=Data())
# Skip upstream's init_imap to prevent extra imap connections not
# needed for relay testing
am._acsetup.init_imap = lambda acc: None
# nb. a bit hacky
# would probably be better if deltachat's test machinery grows native support
def switch_maildomain(maildomain2):
@@ -363,38 +387,40 @@ def lp(request):
@pytest.fixture
def cmsetup(maildomain, gencreds):
return CMSetup(maildomain, gencreds)
def cmsetup(maildomain, gencreds, ssl_context):
return CMSetup(maildomain, gencreds, ssl_context)
class CMSetup:
def __init__(self, maildomain, gencreds):
def __init__(self, maildomain, gencreds, ssl_context):
self.maildomain = maildomain
self.gencreds = gencreds
self.ssl_context = ssl_context
def gen_users(self, num):
print(f"Creating {num} online users")
users = []
for i in range(num):
addr, password = self.gencreds()
user = CMUser(self.maildomain, addr, password)
user = CMUser(self.maildomain, addr, password, self.ssl_context)
assert user.smtp
users.append(user)
return users
class CMUser:
def __init__(self, maildomain, addr, password):
def __init__(self, maildomain, addr, password, ssl_context=None):
self.maildomain = maildomain
self.addr = addr
self.password = password
self.ssl_context = ssl_context
self._smtp = None
self._imap = None
@property
def smtp(self):
if not self._smtp:
handle = SmtpConn(self.maildomain)
handle = SmtpConn(self.maildomain, ssl_context=self.ssl_context)
handle.connect()
handle.login(self.addr, self.password)
self._smtp = handle
@@ -403,7 +429,7 @@ class CMUser:
@property
def imap(self):
if not self._imap:
imap = ImapConn(self.maildomain)
imap = ImapConn(self.maildomain, ssl_context=self.ssl_context)
imap.connect()
imap.login(self.addr, self.password)
self._imap = imap

View File

@@ -91,6 +91,16 @@ class TestPerformInitialChecks:
assert not res
assert len(l) == 2
def test_perform_initial_checks_no_mta_sts_self_signed(self, mockdns):
del mockdns["CNAME"]["mta-sts.some.domain"]
remote_data = remote.rdns.perform_initial_checks("some.domain")
assert not remote_data["MTA_STS"]
l = []
res = check_initial_remote_data(remote_data, strict_tls=False, print=l.append)
assert res
assert not l
def parse_zonefile_into_dict(zonefile, mockdns_base, only_required=False):
for zf_line in zonefile.split("\n"):