Files
elysium/Extract-NTHashes.ps1
T
tomas.kracmar d155276366 fix(Extract-NTHashes): remove mismatched blob after checksum failure
On upload checksum mismatch, the script warned and preserved the
local encrypted file but left the already-uploaded, corrupt blob live
in remote storage under its normal name - discoverable only via an
easy-to-miss console warning, and fetchable as if it were good data
by any downstream consumer. Added Invoke-S3DeleteFile (SigV4-signed,
mirrors the existing Put/Get helpers) and now delete the mismatched
blob from S3 (AWS Tools or native HTTP path) or Azure Blob Storage
right after detecting the mismatch.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-29 11:54:21 +02:00

408 lines
22 KiB
PowerShell

##################################################
## ____ ___ ____ _____ _ _ _____ _____ ##
## / ___/ _ \| _ \| ____| | \ | | ____|_ _| ##
## | | | | | | |_) | _| | \| | _| | | ##
## | |__| |_| | _ <| |___ _| |\ | |___ | | ##
## \____\__\_\_| \_\_____(_)_| \_|_____| |_| ##
##################################################
## Project: Elysium ##
## File: Extract-NTHashes.ps1 ##
## Version: 2.4.5 ##
## Support: support@cqre.net ##
##################################################
<#
#Requires -Modules DSInternals
.SYNOPSIS
Script for extracting NTLM hashes from live AD for further analysis.
.DESCRIPTION
This script will connect to selected domain (defined in ElysiumSettings.txt) using account with AD replication privileges and extract NTLM hashes from all active accounts. It will then compress and encrypt the resulting file, uploads it to designated Azure Storage account, checks for validity and then deletes everything. The hashes are extracted without usernames to minimise the sensitivity of the operation. Encryption is done with AES and passphrase that was defined in environment variable during first run.
#>
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$scriptRoot = $PSScriptRoot
[string]$commonHelper = Join-Path -Path $PSScriptRoot -ChildPath 'Elysium.Common.ps1'
if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $commonHelper)) { throw "Common helper not found at $commonHelper" }
. $commonHelper
Restart-WithWindowsPowerShellIfAvailable -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters -UnboundArguments $MyInvocation.UnboundArguments
function Start-ExtractTranscript {
param([string]$BasePath)
try {
$logsDir = Join-Path -Path $BasePath -ChildPath 'Reports/logs'
if (-not (Test-Path $logsDir)) { New-Item -Path $logsDir -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null }
$ts = Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd-HHmmss'
$logPath = Join-Path -Path $logsDir -ChildPath "extract-hashes-$ts.log"
Start-Transcript -Path $logPath -Force | Out-Null
} catch {
Write-Warning "Could not start transcript: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
}
function Stop-ExtractTranscript { try { Stop-Transcript | Out-Null } catch {} }
function Normalize-ReportPath([string]$p) {
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($p)) { return (Join-Path -Path $scriptRoot -ChildPath 'Reports') }
if ([System.IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($p)) { return $p }
return (Join-Path -Path $scriptRoot -ChildPath $p)
}
function Get-FileSha256Hex([string]$path) {
$sha = [System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256]::Create()
$fs = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($path)
try { return ([BitConverter]::ToString($sha.ComputeHash($fs))).Replace('-', '').ToLowerInvariant() } finally { $fs.Close(); $sha.Dispose() }
}
function Invoke-S3PutFile([string]$endpointUrl, [string]$bucket, [string]$key, [string]$filePath, [string]$region, [string]$ak, [string]$sk, [bool]$forcePathStyle) {
$uri = BuildS3Uri -endpointUrl $endpointUrl -bucket $bucket -key $key -forcePathStyle $forcePathStyle
$payloadHash = Get-FileSha256Hex -path $filePath
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Net.Http -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$client = [System.Net.Http.HttpClient]::new()
try {
$req = [System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage]::new([System.Net.Http.HttpMethod]::Put, $uri)
$stream = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($filePath)
$req.Content = [System.Net.Http.StreamContent]::new($stream)
$hdrs = BuildAuthHeaders -method 'PUT' -uri $uri -region $region -accessKey $ak -secretKey $sk -payloadHash $payloadHash
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('x-amz-date', $hdrs['x-amz-date']) | Out-Null
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('Authorization', $hdrs['Authorization']) | Out-Null
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('x-amz-content-sha256', $hdrs['x-amz-content-sha256']) | Out-Null
$resp = $client.SendAsync($req).Result
if (-not $resp.IsSuccessStatusCode) { throw "S3 PUT failed: $([int]$resp.StatusCode) $($resp.ReasonPhrase)" }
} finally { if ($req) { $req.Dispose() }; if ($stream) { $stream.Close(); $stream.Dispose() }; $client.Dispose() }
}
function Invoke-S3GetToFile([string]$endpointUrl, [string]$bucket, [string]$key, [string]$targetPath, [string]$region, [string]$ak, [string]$sk, [bool]$forcePathStyle) {
$uri = BuildS3Uri -endpointUrl $endpointUrl -bucket $bucket -key $key -forcePathStyle $forcePathStyle
$payloadHash = (Get-HashHex (Get-Bytes ''))
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Net.Http -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$client = [System.Net.Http.HttpClient]::new()
try {
$req = [System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage]::new([System.Net.Http.HttpMethod]::Get, $uri)
$hdrs = BuildAuthHeaders -method 'GET' -uri $uri -region $region -accessKey $ak -secretKey $sk -payloadHash $payloadHash
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('x-amz-date', $hdrs['x-amz-date']) | Out-Null
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('Authorization', $hdrs['Authorization']) | Out-Null
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('x-amz-content-sha256', $hdrs['x-amz-content-sha256']) | Out-Null
$resp = $client.SendAsync($req).Result
if (-not $resp.IsSuccessStatusCode) { throw "S3 GET failed: $([int]$resp.StatusCode) $($resp.ReasonPhrase)" }
$bytes = $resp.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result
[System.IO.File]::WriteAllBytes($targetPath, $bytes)
} finally { if ($req) { $req.Dispose() }; $client.Dispose() }
}
function Invoke-S3DeleteFile([string]$endpointUrl, [string]$bucket, [string]$key, [string]$region, [string]$ak, [string]$sk, [bool]$forcePathStyle) {
$uri = BuildS3Uri -endpointUrl $endpointUrl -bucket $bucket -key $key -forcePathStyle $forcePathStyle
$payloadHash = (Get-HashHex (Get-Bytes ''))
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Net.Http -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$client = [System.Net.Http.HttpClient]::new()
try {
$req = [System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage]::new([System.Net.Http.HttpMethod]::Delete, $uri)
$hdrs = BuildAuthHeaders -method 'DELETE' -uri $uri -region $region -accessKey $ak -secretKey $sk -payloadHash $payloadHash
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('x-amz-date', $hdrs['x-amz-date']) | Out-Null
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('Authorization', $hdrs['Authorization']) | Out-Null
$req.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation('x-amz-content-sha256', $hdrs['x-amz-content-sha256']) | Out-Null
$resp = $client.SendAsync($req).Result
# S3 DELETE is idempotent and returns 204 even if the key never existed; anything else is a real failure.
if (-not $resp.IsSuccessStatusCode) { throw "S3 DELETE failed: $([int]$resp.StatusCode) $($resp.ReasonPhrase)" }
} finally { if ($req) { $req.Dispose() }; $client.Dispose() }
}
function Protect-FileWithAES {
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$InputFile,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$OutputFile,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$Passphrase
)
$rng = [System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator]::Create()
$salt = New-Object byte[] 16
$rng.GetBytes($salt)
$kdf = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.Rfc2898DeriveBytes($Passphrase, $salt, 100000, [System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName]::SHA256)
$key = $kdf.GetBytes(32)
$aes = [System.Security.Cryptography.Aes]::Create()
$aes.KeySize = 256
$aes.BlockSize = 128
$aes.Mode = [System.Security.Cryptography.CipherMode]::CBC
$aes.Padding = [System.Security.Cryptography.PaddingMode]::PKCS7
$aes.GenerateIV()
$iv = $aes.IV
$encryptor = $aes.CreateEncryptor($key, $iv)
$fileStream = [System.IO.File]::Open($InputFile, [System.IO.FileMode]::Open, [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read)
$outFileStream = [System.IO.File]::Create($OutputFile)
try {
$magic = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes('ELY1')
$outFileStream.Write($magic, 0, $magic.Length)
$outFileStream.Write($salt, 0, $salt.Length)
$outFileStream.Write($iv, 0, $iv.Length)
$cryptoStream = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream($outFileStream, $encryptor, [System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStreamMode]::Write)
try {
$buffer = New-Object Byte[] 8192
while (($read = $fileStream.Read($buffer, 0, $buffer.Length)) -gt 0) {
$cryptoStream.Write($buffer, 0, $read)
}
} finally {
$cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock()
$cryptoStream.Close()
}
} finally {
$outFileStream.Close(); $fileStream.Close(); $aes.Dispose(); $rng.Dispose(); $kdf.Dispose()
}
Write-Host "File has been encrypted (PBKDF2+AES-256-CBC): $OutputFile"
}
function Get-FileChecksum {
param (
[string]$Path,
[string]$Algorithm = "SHA256"
)
$hasher = [System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithm]::Create($Algorithm)
$stream = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($Path)
try {
$hashBytes = $hasher.ComputeHash($stream)
return [BitConverter]::ToString($hashBytes) -replace '-', ''
} finally {
$stream.Close()
$hasher.Dispose()
}
}
Start-ExtractTranscript -BasePath $scriptRoot
try {
Write-Host "Loading settings..."
$ElysiumSettings = Read-ElysiumSettings -ScriptRoot $scriptRoot
# Storage provider selection (Azure by default)
$storageProvider = $ElysiumSettings['StorageProvider']
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($storageProvider)) { $storageProvider = 'Azure' }
# Azure settings
$storageAccountName = $ElysiumSettings['storageAccountName']
$containerName = $ElysiumSettings['containerName']
$sasToken = $ElysiumSettings['sasToken']
# S3-compatible settings
$s3EndpointUrl = $ElysiumSettings['s3EndpointUrl']
$s3Region = $ElysiumSettings['s3Region']
$s3BucketName = $ElysiumSettings['s3BucketName']
$s3AccessKeyId = $ElysiumSettings['s3AccessKeyId']
$s3SecretAccessKey = $ElysiumSettings['s3SecretAccessKey']
$s3ForcePathStyle = $ElysiumSettings['s3ForcePathStyle']
$s3UseAwsTools = $ElysiumSettings['s3UseAwsTools']
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($s3Region)) { $s3Region = 'us-east-1' }
try { $s3ForcePathStyle = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($s3ForcePathStyle) } catch { $s3ForcePathStyle = $true }
try { $s3UseAwsTools = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($s3UseAwsTools) } catch { $s3UseAwsTools = $false }
# Retrieve the DPAPI-protected passphrase from a user environment variable (see Elysium.ps1)
$protectedPassphrase = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("ELYSIUM_PASSPHRASE", [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($protectedPassphrase)) { throw 'Passphrase not found in ELYSIUM_PASSPHRASE environment variable. Run Elysium.ps1 once to set it.' }
try {
$securePassphrase = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $protectedPassphrase -ErrorAction Stop
} catch {
throw "ELYSIUM_PASSPHRASE is not in the expected DPAPI-protected format (leftover from an older Elysium version?). Re-run Elysium.ps1 to re-enter it."
}
$passphrase = [System.Net.NetworkCredential]::new('', $securePassphrase).Password
$timestamp = Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd-HHmmss"
$reportBase = Normalize-ReportPath -p $ElysiumSettings['ReportPathBase']
if (-not (Test-Path $reportBase)) { New-Item -Path $reportBase -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null }
# Build domain details from settings (ordered to keep numeric index order)
$DomainDetails = [ordered]@{}
for ($i = 1; $ElysiumSettings.ContainsKey("Domain${i}Name"); $i++) {
$DomainDetails["$i"] = @{
Name = $ElysiumSettings["Domain${i}Name"]
DC = $ElysiumSettings["Domain${i}DC"]
DA = $ElysiumSettings["Domain${i}DA"]
}
}
# User selects a domain
Write-Host "Select a domain to extract NTLM hashes:"
$DomainDetails.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object { [int]$_.Key } | ForEach-Object { Write-Host "$($_.Key): $($_.Value.Name)" }
$selection = Read-Host "Enter the number of the domain"
$selectedDomain = $DomainDetails[$selection]
if (-not $selectedDomain) {
throw "Invalid selection."
}
$domainController = $selectedDomain.DC
# Validate credentials and replication permissions before attempting DCSync
$hasADModule = $null -ne (Get-Module -Name ActiveDirectory -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
if (-not $hasADModule) {
try { Import-Module ActiveDirectory -ErrorAction Stop; $hasADModule = $true } catch {}
}
if ($hasADModule) {
$credential = Get-ValidatedADCredential -DomainName $selectedDomain.Name -Server $domainController
try {
$domainInfo = Get-ADDomain -Server $domainController -Credential $credential -ErrorAction Stop
Test-ReplicationPermissions -DomainDN $domainInfo.DistinguishedName `
-Server $domainController -Credential $credential
} catch {
throw $_.Exception.Message
}
} else {
Write-Warning "ActiveDirectory module not available; skipping credential pre-check and replication permission verification."
$credential = Get-Credential -Message "Enter AD credentials with replication rights for $($selectedDomain.Name)"
if ($null -eq $credential) { throw "Credential prompt was cancelled." }
}
$domainPrefix = ($selectedDomain.Name -replace "\W", "_")
$baseName = "${domainPrefix}_NTLM_Hashes_$timestamp"
$blobName = "$baseName.enc"
# Use a temp directory for all sensitive intermediate files so they are
# never written to the installation directory and are always cleaned up.
$tmpDir = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path ([System.IO.Path]::Combine(
[System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath(), "elysium-extract-" + [System.Guid]::NewGuid())) -Force
try {
# Plaintext NTLM hashes land in this directory before AES protection is applied below.
# Strip inherited ACEs (e.g. a broad "Users" grant on the parent Temp folder) so only the
# current user can read it while the finally block's cleanup hasn't run yet.
$dirAcl = $tmpDir.GetAccessControl()
$dirAcl.SetAccessRuleProtection($true, $false)
$currentUserRule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule(
[System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().User,
[System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::FullControl,
'ContainerInherit,ObjectInherit', 'None', 'Allow')
$dirAcl.AddAccessRule($currentUserRule)
$tmpDir.SetAccessControl($dirAcl)
} catch {
Write-Warning "Could not restrict ACL on temporary directory '$($tmpDir.FullName)': $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
$exportPath = Join-Path -Path $tmpDir.FullName -ChildPath "$baseName.txt"
$compressedFilePath = Join-Path -Path $tmpDir.FullName -ChildPath "$baseName.zip"
$encryptedFilePath = Join-Path -Path $tmpDir.FullName -ChildPath "$baseName.enc"
$tempDownloadPath = $null
try {
$ntlmHashes = Get-ADReplAccount -All -Server $domainController -Credential $credential |
Where-Object { $_.NTHash } |
ForEach-Object { [BitConverter]::ToString($_.NTHash).Replace("-", "") } |
Sort-Object -Unique
$ntlmHashes | Out-File -FilePath $exportPath
Write-Host "NTLM hashes have been extracted to temporary file."
Compress-Archive -Path $exportPath -DestinationPath $compressedFilePath
Write-Host "File has been compressed."
Protect-FileWithAES -InputFile $compressedFilePath -OutputFile $encryptedFilePath -Passphrase $passphrase
$localFileChecksum = Get-FileChecksum -Path $encryptedFilePath
if ($storageProvider -ieq 'S3') {
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($s3BucketName)) { throw 's3BucketName is missing in settings.' }
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($s3AccessKeyId) -or [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($s3SecretAccessKey)) { throw 's3AccessKeyId / s3SecretAccessKey missing in settings.' }
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($s3EndpointUrl)) { throw 's3EndpointUrl is required for S3-compatible storage.' }
$usedAwsTools = $false
if ($s3UseAwsTools) {
try {
$s3Client = New-S3Client -EndpointUrl $s3EndpointUrl -Region $s3Region -AccessKeyId $s3AccessKeyId -SecretAccessKey $s3SecretAccessKey -ForcePathStyle:$s3ForcePathStyle
$putReq = New-Object Amazon.S3.Model.PutObjectRequest -Property @{ BucketName = $s3BucketName; Key = $blobName; FilePath = $encryptedFilePath }
$null = $s3Client.PutObject($putReq)
Write-Host "Encrypted file uploaded to S3-compatible bucket (AWS Tools): $blobName"
$tempDownloadPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempFileName()
$getReq = New-Object Amazon.S3.Model.GetObjectRequest -Property @{ BucketName = $s3BucketName; Key = $blobName }
$getResp = $s3Client.GetObject($getReq)
$getResp.WriteResponseStreamToFile($tempDownloadPath, $true)
$getResp.Dispose()
$usedAwsTools = $true
} catch {
Write-Warning "AWS Tools path failed or not available. Falling back to native HTTP (SigV4). Details: $($_.Exception.Message)"
$usedAwsTools = $false
}
}
if (-not $usedAwsTools) {
Invoke-S3PutFile -endpointUrl $s3EndpointUrl -bucket $s3BucketName -key $blobName -filePath $encryptedFilePath -region $s3Region -ak $s3AccessKeyId -sk $s3SecretAccessKey -forcePathStyle:$s3ForcePathStyle
Write-Host "Encrypted file uploaded to S3-compatible bucket: $blobName"
$tempDownloadPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempFileName()
Invoke-S3GetToFile -endpointUrl $s3EndpointUrl -bucket $s3BucketName -key $blobName -targetPath $tempDownloadPath -region $s3Region -ak $s3AccessKeyId -sk $s3SecretAccessKey -forcePathStyle:$s3ForcePathStyle
}
} else {
$sas = $sasToken
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($sas)) { throw 'sasToken is missing in settings.' }
$sas = $sas.Trim(); if (-not $sas.StartsWith('?')) { $sas = '?' + $sas }
try { Import-Module Az.Storage -ErrorAction Stop } catch {}
$storageContext = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName $storageAccountName -SasToken $sas
$container = Get-AzStorageContainer -Name $containerName -Context $storageContext -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if (-not $container) { throw "Azure container '$containerName' not found or access denied." }
Set-AzStorageBlobContent -File $encryptedFilePath -Container $containerName -Blob $blobName -Context $storageContext | Out-Null
Write-Host "Encrypted file uploaded to Azure Blob Storage: $blobName"
$tempDownloadPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempFileName()
Get-AzStorageBlobContent -Blob $blobName -Container $containerName -Context $storageContext -Destination $tempDownloadPath -Force | Out-Null
}
$downloadedFileChecksum = Get-FileChecksum -Path $tempDownloadPath
if ($localFileChecksum -eq $downloadedFileChecksum) {
Write-Host "The file was correctly uploaded. Checksum verified."
Remove-Item -Path $encryptedFilePath -Force
Remove-Item -Path $tempDownloadPath -Force
if ($storageProvider -ieq 'S3') {
Write-Host "Upload to S3-compatible storage completed and verified."
} else {
Write-Host "Upload to Azure Blob Storage completed and verified."
}
} else {
Write-Warning "Checksum verification failed. Encrypted file preserved for investigation: $encryptedFilePath"
if ($tempDownloadPath -and (Test-Path $tempDownloadPath)) {
Remove-Item -Path $tempDownloadPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
# A checksum mismatch means the blob already sitting in remote storage under $blobName
# is corrupt/incomplete. Leaving it live under its normal name would let a downstream
# consumer silently fetch bad data, so remove it rather than only warning locally.
try {
if ($storageProvider -ieq 'S3') {
if ($usedAwsTools -and $s3Client) {
$delReq = New-Object Amazon.S3.Model.DeleteObjectRequest -Property @{ BucketName = $s3BucketName; Key = $blobName }
$null = $s3Client.DeleteObject($delReq)
} else {
Invoke-S3DeleteFile -endpointUrl $s3EndpointUrl -bucket $s3BucketName -key $blobName -region $s3Region -ak $s3AccessKeyId -sk $s3SecretAccessKey -forcePathStyle:$s3ForcePathStyle
}
} else {
Remove-AzStorageBlob -Blob $blobName -Container $containerName -Context $storageContext -Force -ErrorAction Stop
}
Write-Warning "Removed the mismatched blob '$blobName' from remote storage."
} catch {
Write-Warning "Could not remove the mismatched blob '$blobName' from remote storage - remove it manually: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
}
} finally {
# Always delete plaintext hashes and compressed archive regardless of outcome.
foreach ($f in @($exportPath, $compressedFilePath)) {
if ($f -and (Test-Path $f)) {
Remove-Item -Path $f -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
}
}
Write-Host "Script execution completed."
} finally {
Stop-ExtractTranscript
}