docs(release): document filtermail release process

chore(release): configure relay's git-cliff to not use filtermail-only commits
chore: integrate filtermail's .github directory into relay's
2026-09-27 17:50:10 +00:00 · 2026-08-18 12:22:03 +02:00 · 2026-08-18 12:21:29 +02:00 · 2026-08-18 12:21:29 +02:00 · 2026-08-18 12:21:29 +02:00 · 2026-08-18 12:21:29 +02:00
142 changed files with 12858 additions and 3757 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "cargo"
+    directory: "/filtermail"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "monthly"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: chatmaild CI
+
+on:
+  # Triggers when a PR is merged into main or a direct push occurs
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+    
+  # Triggers for any PR (and its subsequent commits) targeting the main branch
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+# Newest push wins: Prevents multiple runs from clashing and wasting runner efforts
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  tox:
+    name: isolated chatmaild tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        # Checkout pull request HEAD commit instead of merge commit
+        # Otherwise `test_deployed_state` will be unhappy.
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@2c7215f132e9ebf062739d9130488b56d53c060c # master
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+      - name: compile filtermail
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y musl-tools
+          rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+          cd filtermail && CARGO_TARGET_X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-gcc RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-feature=+crt-static -Clink-self-contained=yes" cargo build --release --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+          mv target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/filtermail /usr/local/bin/filtermail && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/filtermail
+      - name: run chatmaild tests 
+        working-directory: chatmaild
+        run: pipx run tox
+
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: No-DNS
+
+on:
+  # Triggers when a PR is merged into main or a direct push occurs
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+    
+  # Triggers for any PR (and its subsequent commits) targeting the main branch
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+# Newest push wins: Prevents multiple runs from clashing and wasting runner efforts
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+
+jobs:
+  no-dns:
+    name: LXC deploy and test
+    uses: chatmail/cmlxc/.github/workflows/lxc-test.yml@main
+    with:
+      cmlxc_version: main
+      cmlxc_commands: |
+        cmlxc init 
+        # single cmdeploy relay test
+        cmlxc -v deploy-cmdeploy --source ./repo --type ipv4 cm0
+        cmlxc -v test-cmdeploy cm0
+
+        # cross cmdeploy relay test (two ipv4 relays)
+        cmlxc -v deploy-cmdeploy --source ./repo --ipv4-only --type ipv4 cm1
+        cmlxc -v test-cmdeploy cm0 cm1
+
+        # cross cmdeploy/madmail relay tests
+        cmlxc -v deploy-madmail mad0
+        cmlxc -v test-cmdeploy cm0 mad0
+        cmlxc -v test-mini mad0 cm0
+        cmlxc -v test-mini cm0 mad0
@@ -1,30 +1,31 @@
-name: CI
+name: cmdeploy CI

 on:
-  pull_request:
+  # Triggers when a PR is merged into main or a direct push occurs
  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+    
+  # Triggers for any PR (and its subsequent commits) targeting the main branch
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+# Newest push wins: Prevents multiple runs from clashing and wasting runner efforts
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+

 jobs:
-  tox:
-    name: isolated chatmaild tests
+  cmdeploy:
+    name: cmdeploy tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        # Checkout pull request HEAD commit instead of merge commit
-        # Otherwise `test_deployed_state` will be unhappy.
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
-      - name: download filtermail
-        run: curl -L https://github.com/chatmail/filtermail/releases/download/v0.6.0/filtermail-x86_64 -o /usr/local/bin/filtermail && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/filtermail
-      - name: run chatmaild tests 
-        working-directory: chatmaild
-        run: pipx run tox
-
-  scripts:
-    name: deploy-chatmail tests 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+          persist-credentials: false

      - name: initenv 
        run: scripts/initenv.sh
@@ -38,5 +39,28 @@ jobs:
      - name: run deploy-chatmail offline tests 
        run: pytest --pyargs cmdeploy 

-      # all other cmdeploy commands require a staging server 
-      # see https://github.com/deltachat/chatmail/issues/100
+  lxc-test:
+    name: LXC deploy and test
+    uses: chatmail/cmlxc/.github/workflows/lxc-test.yml@main
+    with:
+      cmlxc_version: main
+      cmlxc_commands: |
+        sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y musl-tools
+        rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+        cd repo/filtermail && CARGO_TARGET_X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-gcc RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-feature=+crt-static -Clink-self-contained=yes" cargo build --release --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+        cmlxc init 
+        # single cmdeploy relay test
+        cmlxc -v deploy-cmdeploy --source ./repo --filtermail repo/filtermail/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/filtermail cm0
+        cmlxc -v test-mini cm0
+        cmlxc -v test-cmdeploy cm0
+
+        # cross cmdeploy relay test
+        cmlxc -v deploy-cmdeploy --source ./repo --filtermail repo/filtermail/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/filtermail --ipv4-only cm1
+        cmlxc -v test-cmdeploy cm0 cm1
+
+        # cross cmdeploy/madmail relay tests
+        cmlxc -v deploy-madmail mad0
+        cmlxc -v test-cmdeploy cm0 mad0
+        cmlxc -v test-mini cm0 mad0
+        cmlxc -v test-mini mad0 cm0
+
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Notify the docker repo to build and test a new image after relay CI passes.
+#
+# Sends a repository_dispatch event to chatmail/docker with the relay ref
+# and short SHA, which triggers docker-ci.yaml to build, push to GHCR,
+# and run integration tests via cmlxc.
+
+name: Trigger Docker build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+    tags: ['[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+']
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  dispatch:
+    name: Dispatch build to chatmail/docker
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository == 'chatmail/relay'
+    steps:
+      - name: Compute short SHA
+        id: sha
+        run: echo "short=$(echo '${{ github.sha }}' | cut -c1-7)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Send repository_dispatch
+        uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@ff45666b9427631e3450c54a1bcbee4d9ff4d7c0 # v3
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CHATMAIL_DOCKER_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
+          repository: chatmail/docker
+          event-type: relay-updated
+          client-payload: >-
+            {
+              "relay_ref": "${{ github.ref_name }}",
+              "relay_sha": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "relay_sha_short": "${{ steps.sha.outputs.short }}"
+            }
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ on:
      - 'scripts/build-docs.sh'
      - '.github/workflows/docs-preview.yaml'

+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
  scripts:
    name: build 
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ jobs:
      url: https://staging.chatmail.at/doc/relay/${{ steps.prepare.outputs.prid }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false

      - name: initenv 
        run: scripts/initenv.sh
@@ -34,18 +38,22 @@ jobs:
      - name: Get Pullrequest ID
        id: prepare
        run: |
-          export PULLREQUEST_ID=$(echo "${{ github.ref }}" | cut -d "/" -f3)
+          export PULLREQUEST_ID=$(echo "${GITHUB_REF}" | cut -d "/" -f3)
          echo "prid=$PULLREQUEST_ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          if [ $(expr length "${{ secrets.USERNAME }}") -gt "1" ]; then echo "uploadtoserver=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; fi
      - run: |
-          echo "baseurl: /${{ steps.prepare.outputs.prid }}" >> _config.yml
+          echo "baseurl: /${STEPS_PREPARE_OUTPUTS_PRID}" >> _config.yml
+        env:
+          STEPS_PREPARE_OUTPUTS_PRID: ${{ steps.prepare.outputs.prid }}

      - name: Upload preview
        run: |
          mkdir -p "$HOME/.ssh"
          echo "${{ secrets.CHATMAIL_STAGING_SSHKEY }}" > "$HOME/.ssh/key"
          chmod 600 "$HOME/.ssh/key"
-          rsync -rILvh -e "ssh -i $HOME/.ssh/key -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/doc/build/ "${{ secrets.USERNAME }}@chatmail.at:/var/www/html/staging.chatmail.at/doc/relay/${{ steps.prepare.outputs.prid }}/"
+          rsync -rILvh -e "ssh -i $HOME/.ssh/key -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/doc/build/ "${{ secrets.USERNAME }}@chatmail.at:${STEPS_PREPARE_OUTPUTS_PRID}/"
+        env:
+          STEPS_PREPARE_OUTPUTS_PRID: ${{ steps.prepare.outputs.prid }}

      - name: check links 
        working-directory: doc
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ on:
      - 'scripts/build-docs.sh'
      - '.github/workflows/docs.yaml'

+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
  scripts:
    name: build 
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@ jobs:
      url: https://chatmail.at/doc/relay/
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false

      - name: initenv 
        run: scripts/initenv.sh
@@ -43,5 +47,5 @@ jobs:
          mkdir -p "$HOME/.ssh"
          echo "${{ secrets.CHATMAIL_STAGING_SSHKEY }}" > "$HOME/.ssh/key"
          chmod 600 "$HOME/.ssh/key"
-          rsync -rILvh -e "ssh -i $HOME/.ssh/key -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/doc/build/ "${{ secrets.USERNAME }}@chatmail.at:/var/www/html/chatmail.at/doc/relay/"
+          rsync -rILvh -e "ssh -i $HOME/.ssh/key -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/doc/build/ "${{ secrets.USERNAME }}@chatmail.at:"

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+name: filtermail CI
+
+permissions: {}
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - "filtermail/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/filtermail-ci.yml"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - "filtermail/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/filtermail-ci.yml"
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  fmt:
+    name: Check Formatting
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@2c7215f132e9ebf062739d9130488b56d53c060c # master
+        with:
+          toolchain: nightly
+          components: rustfmt
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@2ca9b94c269419b7b0c711c09d0b21c4e1d51145 # v2.83.1
+        with:
+          tool: taplo-cli
+      - run: cd filtermail && taplo format --check && cargo fmt --check
+
+  cargo-machete:
+    name: Check Unused Dependencies
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: bnjbvr/cargo-machete@ac30a525c0a8d163a92d727b3ff079ee3f6ecb08 # v0.9.2
+
+  lint-clippy:
+    name: Check Clippy
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        toolchain: ["stable", "beta"]
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.toolchain == 'beta' }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@2c7215f132e9ebf062739d9130488b56d53c060c # master
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
+          components: clippy
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+      - run: cd filtermail && cargo clippy
+        env:
+          RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
+
+  rust-test:
+    name: Run rust tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@2c7215f132e9ebf062739d9130488b56d53c060c # master
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+      - run: cd filtermail && cargo test
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build binaries.
+    if: startsWith(github.event.release.tag_name, 'filtermail-')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@2c7215f132e9ebf062739d9130488b56d53c060c # master
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+          targets: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl,x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+      - uses: mlugg/setup-zig@d1434d08867e3ee9daa34448df10607b98908d29 # v2.2.1
+        with:
+          use-cache: false
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@2ca9b94c269419b7b0c711c09d0b21c4e1d51145 # v2.83.1
+        with:
+          tool: cargo-zigbuild
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cd filtermail
+          RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-feature=+crt-static -Clink-self-contained=yes" \
+          cargo zigbuild \
+            --release \
+            --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl \
+            --target aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+      - name: Upload x86_64 binary
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: filtermail-x86_64
+          path: filtermail/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/filtermail
+          if-no-files-found: error
+      - name: Upload aarch64 binary
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: filtermail-aarch64
+          path: filtermail/target/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl/release/filtermail
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  publish:
+    name: Upload binaries to the release
+    needs: ["build"]
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Download x86_64 binary
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: filtermail-x86_64
+          path: filtermail-x86_64
+      - name: Download aarch64 binary
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: filtermail-aarch64
+          path: filtermail-aarch64
+      - name: Upload binaries to the GitHub release
+        if: github.event_name == 'release'
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
+          REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir dist
+          mv filtermail-x86_64/filtermail dist/filtermail-x86_64
+          mv filtermail-aarch64/filtermail dist/filtermail-aarch64
+          gh release upload "$REF_NAME" \
+            --repo ${{ github.repository }} \
+            dist/*
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-name: deploy on staging-ipv4.testrun.org, and run tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'scripts/**'
-      - '**/README.md'
-      - 'CHANGELOG.md'
-      - 'LICENSE'
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    name: deploy on staging-ipv4.testrun.org, and run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    environment:
-      name: staging-ipv4.testrun.org
-      url: https://staging-ipv4.testrun.org/
-    concurrency: staging-ipv4.testrun.org
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: prepare SSH
-        run: |
-          mkdir ~/.ssh
-          echo "${{ secrets.STAGING_SSH_KEY }}" >> ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
-          chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
-          ssh-keyscan staging-ipv4.testrun.org > ~/.ssh/known_hosts
-          # save previous acme & dkim state
-          rsync -avz root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org:/var/lib/acme acme-ipv4 || true
-          rsync -avz root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org:/etc/dkimkeys dkimkeys-ipv4 || true
-          # store previous acme & dkim state on ns.testrun.org, if it contains useful certs
-          if [ -f dkimkeys-ipv4/dkimkeys/opendkim.private ]; then rsync -avz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new" dkimkeys-ipv4 root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/ || true; fi
-          if [ "$(ls -A acme-ipv4/acme/certs)" ]; then rsync -avz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new" acme-ipv4 root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/ || true; fi
-          # make sure CAA record isn't set
-          scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new .github/workflows/staging-ipv4.testrun.org-default.zone root@ns.testrun.org:/etc/nsd/staging-ipv4.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org sed -i '/CAA/d' /etc/nsd/staging-ipv4.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org nsd-checkzone staging-ipv4.testrun.org /etc/nsd/staging-ipv4.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org systemctl reload nsd
-
-      - name: rebuild staging-ipv4.testrun.org to have a clean VPS
-        run: |
-            curl -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.HETZNER_API_TOKEN }}" \
-            -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-            -d '{"image":"debian-12"}' \
-            "https://api.hetzner.cloud/v1/servers/${{ secrets.STAGING_IPV4_SERVER_ID }}/actions/rebuild"
-
-      - run: scripts/initenv.sh
-
-      - name: append venv/bin to PATH
-        run: echo venv/bin >>$GITHUB_PATH
-
-      - name: upload TLS cert after rebuilding
-        run: |
-          echo " --- wait until staging-ipv4.testrun.org VPS is rebuilt --- "
-          rm ~/.ssh/known_hosts
-          while ! ssh -o ConnectTimeout=180 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new -v root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org id -u ; do sleep 1 ; done
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new -v root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org id -u
-          # download acme & dkim state from ns.testrun.org
-          rsync -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new" -avz root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/acme-ipv4/acme acme-restore || true
-          rsync -avz root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/dkimkeys-ipv4/dkimkeys dkimkeys-restore || true
-          # restore acme & dkim state to staging2.testrun.org
-          rsync -avz acme-restore/acme root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org:/var/lib/ || true
-          rsync -avz dkimkeys-restore/dkimkeys root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org:/etc/ || true
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new -v root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org chown root:root -R /var/lib/acme || true
-
-      - name: run deploy-chatmail offline tests 
-        run: pytest --pyargs cmdeploy 
-
-      - name: setup dependencies
-        run: |
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org apt update
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org apt install -y git python3.11-venv python3-dev gcc
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org git clone https://github.com/chatmail/relay
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "cd relay && git checkout " ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "cd relay && scripts/initenv.sh"
-
-      - name: initialize config
-        run: |
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "cd relay && scripts/cmdeploy init staging-ipv4.testrun.org"
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "sed -i 's#disable_ipv6 = False#disable_ipv6 = True#' relay/chatmail.ini"
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "sed -i 's/#\s*mtail_address/mtail_address/' relay/chatmail.ini"
-
-      - run: ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "cd relay && scripts/cmdeploy run --verbose --skip-dns-check --ssh-host localhost"
-
-      - name: set DNS entries
-        run: |
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "cd relay && scripts/cmdeploy dns --zonefile staging-generated.zone --ssh-host localhost"
-          ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org cat relay/staging-generated.zone >> .github/workflows/staging-ipv4.testrun.org-default.zone
-          cat .github/workflows/staging-ipv4.testrun.org-default.zone
-          scp .github/workflows/staging-ipv4.testrun.org-default.zone root@ns.testrun.org:/etc/nsd/staging-ipv4.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org nsd-checkzone staging-ipv4.testrun.org /etc/nsd/staging-ipv4.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org systemctl reload nsd
-
-      - name: cmdeploy test
-        run: ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "cd relay && CHATMAIL_DOMAIN2=ci-chatmail.testrun.org scripts/cmdeploy test --slow --ssh-host localhost"
-
-      - name: cmdeploy dns
-        run: ssh root@staging-ipv4.testrun.org "cd relay && scripts/cmdeploy dns -v --ssh-host localhost"
-
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-name: deploy on staging2.testrun.org, and run tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'scripts/**'
-      - '**/README.md'
-      - 'CHANGELOG.md'
-      - 'LICENSE'
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    name: deploy on staging2.testrun.org, and run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    environment:
-      name: staging2.testrun.org
-      url: https://staging2.testrun.org/
-    concurrency: staging2.testrun.org
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: prepare SSH
-        run: |
-          mkdir ~/.ssh
-          echo "${{ secrets.STAGING_SSH_KEY }}" >> ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
-          chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
-          ssh-keyscan staging2.testrun.org > ~/.ssh/known_hosts
-          # save previous acme & dkim state
-          rsync -avz root@staging2.testrun.org:/var/lib/acme . || true
-          rsync -avz root@staging2.testrun.org:/etc/dkimkeys . || true
-          # store previous acme & dkim state on ns.testrun.org, if it contains useful certs
-          if [ -f dkimkeys/opendkim.private ]; then rsync -avz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new" dkimkeys root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/ || true; fi
-          if [ "$(ls -A acme/certs)" ]; then rsync -avz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new" acme root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/ || true; fi
-          # make sure CAA record isn't set
-          scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new .github/workflows/staging.testrun.org-default.zone root@ns.testrun.org:/etc/nsd/staging2.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org sed -i '/CAA/d' /etc/nsd/staging2.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org nsd-checkzone staging2.testrun.org /etc/nsd/staging2.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org systemctl reload nsd
-
-      - name: rebuild staging2.testrun.org to have a clean VPS
-        run: |
-            curl -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.HETZNER_API_TOKEN }}" \
-            -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-            -d '{"image":"debian-12"}' \
-            "https://api.hetzner.cloud/v1/servers/${{ secrets.STAGING_SERVER_ID }}/actions/rebuild"
-
-      - run: scripts/initenv.sh
-
-      - name: append venv/bin to PATH
-        run: echo venv/bin >>$GITHUB_PATH
-
-      - name: upload TLS cert after rebuilding
-        run: |
-          echo " --- wait until staging2.testrun.org VPS is rebuilt --- "
-          rm ~/.ssh/known_hosts
-          while ! ssh -o ConnectTimeout=180 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new -v root@staging2.testrun.org id -u ; do sleep 1 ; done
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new -v root@staging2.testrun.org id -u
-          # download acme & dkim state from ns.testrun.org
-          rsync -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new" -avz root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/acme acme-restore || true
-          rsync -avz root@ns.testrun.org:/tmp/dkimkeys dkimkeys-restore || true
-          # restore acme & dkim state to staging2.testrun.org
-          rsync -avz acme-restore/acme root@staging2.testrun.org:/var/lib/ || true
-          rsync -avz dkimkeys-restore/dkimkeys root@staging2.testrun.org:/etc/ || true
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new -v root@staging2.testrun.org chown root:root -R /var/lib/acme || true
-
-      - name: add hpk42 key to staging server
-        run: ssh root@staging2.testrun.org 'curl -s https://github.com/hpk42.keys >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
-
-      - name: run deploy-chatmail offline tests 
-        run: pytest --pyargs cmdeploy 
-
-      - run: |
-          cmdeploy init staging2.testrun.org
-          sed -i 's/#\s*mtail_address/mtail_address/' chatmail.ini
-
-      - run: cmdeploy run --verbose --skip-dns-check
-
-      - name: set DNS entries
-        run: |
-          cmdeploy dns --zonefile staging-generated.zone --verbose
-          cat staging-generated.zone >> .github/workflows/staging.testrun.org-default.zone
-          cat .github/workflows/staging.testrun.org-default.zone
-          scp .github/workflows/staging.testrun.org-default.zone root@ns.testrun.org:/etc/nsd/staging2.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org nsd-checkzone staging2.testrun.org /etc/nsd/staging2.testrun.org.zone
-          ssh root@ns.testrun.org systemctl reload nsd
-
-      - name: cmdeploy test
-        run: CHATMAIL_DOMAIN2=ci-chatmail.testrun.org cmdeploy test --slow
-
-      - name: cmdeploy dns
-        run: cmdeploy dns -v
-
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: GitHub Actions Security Analysis with zizmor
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["**"]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    name: Run zizmor
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write # Required for upload-sarif (used by zizmor-action) to upload SARIF files.
+      contents: read
+      actions: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run zizmor
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@b1d7e1fb5de872772f31590499237e7cce841e8e # v0.5.3
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+rules:
+  unpinned-uses:
+    config:
+      policies:
+        actions/*: ref-pin
+        dependabot/*: ref-pin
+        chatmail/*: ref-pin
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ __pycache__/
 *.swp
 *qr-*.png
 chatmail*.ini
-lxconfigs/


 # C extensions
@@ -79,6 +78,7 @@ docs/_build/
 # PyBuilder
 .pybuilder/
 target/
+filtermail/target/

 # Jupyter Notebook
 .ipynb_checkpoints
@@ -1,4 +1,185 @@
-# Changelog for chatmail deployment 
+# Changelog for chatmail deployment
+
+## [1.12.0] - 2026-07-31
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+- [**breaking**] Introduce configurable system limits to reject new address creation and limit imap/smtp connections.
+  Dovecot default connection limit lowered from 50k to 10k,
+  Postfix default connection limit lowered from 5k to 1k,
+  larger relays need to adjust their settings.
+
+### Features
+
+- Reduce maximal_queue_lifetime from 5d to 2d
+- Disable negative cache in unbound (#992)
+- *(mtail)* Add incoming_mailer_daemon_mail_count
+- *(postfix)* Disable processing of MIME headers
+- *(dovecot)* Advertise privacy_mail as admin contact, drop server comment
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Set relay restrictions per smtpd service with default reject
+- Reduce maxproc for filtermail-transport LMTP client to 500
+- Core 2.50.0 does not have delete_server_after config anymore.
+- Check if all required ports are available for filtermail (#983)
+- Always deploy unbound.conf.d/chatmail.conf (#993)
+- Expire empty directories (#994)
+- Crypt-r dependency was declared for wrong Python version
+- Always overwrite /etc/resolv.conf, even if it is a symbolic link
+- Pass kwargs to files.put()
+- List Iroh proxy endpoints used by 0.35 and 1.0, drop stale /relay/probe from earlier versions
+- Fix port discovery when ss -tulpn shows dovecot before stats
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add scripts/initenv.sh to upgrade instructions
+- Update overview diagrams (#995)
+- *(overview)* Remove mermaid styles from 'Accepting and delivering mail' (#1009)
+- *(README.md)* Clarify security enforcement (#1011)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- *(ci)* Auto-trigger docker build on release tag push
+- *(acmetool)* Update let's encrypt ToS link to 1.8
+- *(ci)* Update doc staging upload path
+- *(ci)* Fix docs upload path
+
+### Refactor
+
+- *(postfix)* Remove unused "filter" lmtp service
+- Install dns-root-data instead of using unbound-anchor
+- *(deps)* Remove domain-validator dependency
+
+### Testing
+
+- Set socket security for IMAP and SMTP to "TLS" in "dclogin"
+
+## [1.11.0] - 2026-05-15
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+- [**breaking**] Drop passthrough_sender and passthrough_recipients chatmail.ini options to eliminate one more source of unencrypted messages
+
+### Features
+
+- Use filtermail for delivery to remote MTAs
+- Expose metadata "maxsmtprecipients" value
+- Support setup without domain, with only an IPv4 address (#963)
+- *(doc/docker)* Introduce docker images in documentation
+- DKIM-sign bounce messages (mainly "user does not exist")
+- *(config)* Load default values from Config(), not chatmail.ini.f (#853)
+- Make turn_socket_path configurable, and cleanup tests and turnserver code.
+- Warn about any unused chatmail.ini parameter at the end of "cmdeploy run"
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Make www tests work with editable instead of just plain installs
+- Use path with no leading slash for mxdeliv
+- Increase filtermail-transport concurrency limit
+- Fix #972 by increasing file descriptors for filtermail
+- *(mtail)* Correct boot ordering and deploy restart logic
+- *(cmdeploy)* Stop and disable unbound-resolvconf
+- *(nginx)* Properly redirect www to mail_domain
+- *(dns)* Query correct NS if MNAME server is hidden (#954)
+- Legacy token metadata storage used list type, but if no new setmetadata happened, the user would not be notified at all.
+- *(logging)* Log all http requests to syslog
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Document how to upgrade to new version (#965)
+
+### Other
+
+- *(deps)* Upgrade to filtermail v0.6.4
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Introduce automated change-tracking across deployers
+
+## 1.10.0 2026-04-30
+
+* start mtail after networking is fully up <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/942>
+* support specifying custom filtermail binary through environment variable <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/941>
+* add automated zizmor scanning of github workflows <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/938>
+* added dispatch for *automated builds of chatmail relay docker images* <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/934>
+* do not bind SMTP client sockets to public addresses <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/932>
+* underline in docs that scripts/initenv.sh should be used for building the docs <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/933>
+* automatic oldest-first message removal from mailboxes to always stay under max_mailbox_size <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/929>
+* remove --slow from cmdeploy test <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/931>
+* handle missing inotify sysctl keys in containers <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/930>
+* replace resolvconf with static resolv.conf <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/928>
+* disable fsync for LMTP and IMAP services <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/925>
+* re-use cmlxc workflow, replacing CI with hetzner staging servers with local lxc containers <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/917>
+* explicitly install resolvconf <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/924>
+* detect stale dovecot binary and force restart in activate() <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/922>
+* Rename filtermail_http_port to filtermail_http_port_incoming <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/921>
+* consolidated is_in_container() check https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/920>
+* restart dovecot after package replacement (rebase, test condense) <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/913>
+* Set permissions on dovecot pin prefs <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/915>
+* Route `/mxdeliv/` to configurable port <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/901>
+* fix VM detection, automated testing fixes, use newer chatmail-turn and move to standard BIND DNS zone format <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/912>
+* Upgrade to filtermail 0.6.1 <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/910>
+* pin dovecot packages to prevent apt upgrades <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/908>
+* add rpc server to cmdeploy along with client <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/906>
+* remove unused deps from chatmaild <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/905>
+* set default smtp_tls_security_level to "verify" unconditionally <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/902>
+* featprefer IPv4 in SMTP client <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/900>
+* Install dovecot .deb packages atomically <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/899>
+* stop installing cron package <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/898>
+* Rewrite dovecot install logic, update <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/862>
+* fix a test and some linting fixes <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/897>
+* Disable IP verification on domain-literal addresses <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/895>
+* disable installing recommended packages globally on the relay <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/887>
+* multiple bug fixes across chatmaild and cmdeploy <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/883>
+* remove /metrics from the website <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/703>
+* add Prometheus textfile output to fsreport <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/881>
+* chown opendkim: private key <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/879>
+* make sure chatmail-metadata was started <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/882>
+* dovecot update url <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/880>
+* upgrade to filtermail v0.5.2 <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/876>
+* download dovecot packages from github release <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/875>
+* replace DKIM verification with filtermail v0.5 <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/831>
+* remove CFFI deltachat bindings usage, and consolidate test support with rpc-bindings <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/872>
+* prepare chatmaild/cmdeploy changes for Docker support <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/857>
+* stabilize online benchmark timing adding rate-limit-aware cooldown between iterations <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/867>
+* move rate-limit cooldown to benchmark fixture <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/868>
+* reconfigure acmetool from redirector to proxy mode <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/861>
+* make tests work with `--ssh-host localhost` <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/856>
+* mark f-string with f prefix in test_expunged <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/863>
+* install also if dovecot.service=False in SystemdEnabled Fact <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/841>
+* Introduce support for self-signed chatmail relays <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/855>
+* Strip Received headers before delivery <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/849>
+* upgrade to filtermail v0.3 <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/850>
+* fix link to Maddy and update madmail URL <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/847>
+* accept self-signed certificates for IP-only relays <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/846>
+* enforce sending from public IP addresses <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/845>
+* port check: check addresses, fix single services <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/844>
+* remediates issue with improper concat on resolver injection <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/834>
+* ipv6 boolean not being respected during operations <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/832>
+* upgrade to filtermail v0.2 by <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/825>
+* fix link to filtermail <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/824>
+* print timestamps when sending messages <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/823>
+* fix flaky test_exceed_rate_limit <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/822>
+* Replace filtermail with rust reimplementation <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/808>
+* Set default internal SMTP ports in Config <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/819>
+* separate metrics for incoming and outgoing messages <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/820>
+* disable appending the Received header <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/815>
+* fail on errors in postfix/dovecot config <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/813>
+* tweak idle/hibernate metrics some more <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/811>
+* add config flag to export statistics <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/806>
+* add --website-only option to run subcommand <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/768>
+* Strip DKIM-Signature header before LMTP <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/803>
+* properly make sure that postfix gets restarted on failure <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/802>
+* expire.py: use absolute path to maildirsize <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/807>
+* pin Dovecot documentation URLs to version 2.3 <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/800>
+* try to use "build machine" and "deployment server"  consistently  <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/797>
+* adds instructions for migrating control machines <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/795>
+* use consistent naming schema in getting started <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/793>
+* remove jsok/serialize-workflow-action dependency <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/790>
+* streamline migration guide wording, provide titled steps  <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/789>
+* increases default max mailbox size <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/792>
+* use daemon_name for OpenDKIM sign-verify decision instead of IP <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/pull/784>

 ## 1.9.0 2025-12-18

@@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ We use [git-cliff] to generate the changelog from commit messages before the rel

 [Conventional Commits]: https://www.conventionalcommits.org/
 [git-cliff]: https://git-cliff.org/
+
+To update client app version information,
+edit [chatmaild/src/chatmaild/defaults/appversions.json](chatmaild/src/chatmaild/defaults/appversions.json).
@@ -1,19 +1,24 @@

 # Chatmail relays for end-to-end encrypted email

-Chatmail relay servers are interoperable Mail Transport Agents (MTAs) designed for: 
+Chatmail relay servers are interoperable Mail Transport Agents (MTAs) designed for:

 -  **Zero State:** no private data or metadata collected, messages are auto-deleted, low disk usage

 -  **Instant/Realtime:** sub-second message delivery, realtime P2P
   streaming, privacy-preserving Push Notifications for Apple, Google, and Huawei;

-  **Security Enforcement**: only strict TLS, DKIM and OpenPGP with minimized metadata accepted
+-  **Security Enforcement**: Only connections with strict TLS are accepted;
+   all messages must be correctly signed with DKIM and OpenPGP-encrypted with minimized metadata.
+   There are experimental exceptions for no-DNS relays,
+   which are allowed use self-signed TLS certificates
+   and which do not need to DKIM-sign their messages.
+   Unencrypted messages are allowed in neither case.

 -  **Reliable Federation and Decentralization:** No spam or IP reputation checks, federating
   depends on established IETF standards and protocols.

-This repository contains everything needed to setup a ready-to-use chatmail relay on an ssh-reachable host. 
+This repository contains everything needed to setup a ready-to-use chatmail relay on an ssh-reachable host.
 For getting started and more information please refer to the web version of this repositories' documentation at

 [https://chatmail.at/doc/relay](https://chatmail.at/doc/relay)
@@ -1,15 +1,33 @@
 # Releasing a new version of chatmail relay

-For example, to release version 1.9.0 of chatmail relay, do the following steps.
+For example, to release version 1.13.0 of chatmail relay, do the following steps.

-1. Update the changelog: `git cliff --unreleased --tag 1.9.0 --prepend CHANGELOG.md` or `git cliff -u -t 1.9.0 -p CHANGELOG.md`.
+1. Update the changelog: `git cliff --unreleased --tag 1.13.0 --prepend CHANGELOG.md` or `git cliff -u -t 1.13.0 -p CHANGELOG.md`.

 2. Open the changelog in the editor, edit it if required.

 3. Commit the changes to the changelog with a commit message `chore(release): prepare for 1.9.0`.

-3. Tag the release: `git tag --annotate 1.9.0`.
+4. Open a PR with the new commit, merge it to main after review.

-4. Push the release tag: `git push origin 1.9.0`.
+5. In the web interface, create a GitHub release, tell it to create a new tag.

-5. Create a GitHub release: `gh release create 1.9.0`.
+## Releasing filtermail
+
+filtermail is versioned independently and released from the same repo,
+using `filtermail-` prefixed tags. To release filtermail 0.7.5:
+
+1. Switch to `filtermail/` directory: `cd filtermail`
+
+2. Update the changelog:
+   `git cliff u -t filtermail-0.7.5 -p CHANGELOG.md`
+
+3. Bump `version` in `Cargo.toml` and commit `Cargo.lock`.
+
+4. Commit with the message: `feat(release): prepare filtermail for 0.7.5`
+
+5. Open a PR with the new commit, merge it to main after review.
+
+6. In the web interface, create a GitHub release, tell it to create a new tag `filtermail-0.7.5`. Do not push the tag by hand: the release must exist before the upload job runs.
+
+7. Bump the pinned version and sha256sums in `cmdeploy/src/cmdeploy/filtermail/deployer.py`.
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+include src/chatmaild/defaults/*.json
 include src/chatmaild/ini/*.ini.f
 include src/chatmaild/ini/*.ini
 include src/chatmaild/tests/mail-data/*
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 name = "chatmaild"
 version = "0.3"
 dependencies = [
-  "aiosmtpd",
  "iniconfig",
-  "deltachat-rpc-server",
-  "deltachat-rpc-client",
  "filelock",
+  "psutil",
  "requests",
-  "crypt-r >= 3.13.1 ; python_version >= '3.11'",
+  "crypt-r >= 3.13.1 ; python_version >= '3.13'",
 ]

 [tool.setuptools]
@@ -24,10 +22,10 @@ where = ['src']
 [project.scripts]
 doveauth = "chatmaild.doveauth:main"
 chatmail-metadata = "chatmaild.metadata:main"
-chatmail-expire = "chatmaild.expire:main"
+chatmail-expire = "chatmaild.expire:daily_expire_main"
+chatmail-quota-expire = "chatmaild.expire:quota_expire_main"
 chatmail-fsreport = "chatmaild.fsreport:main"
 lastlogin = "chatmaild.lastlogin:main"
-turnserver = "chatmaild.turnserver:main"

 [project.entry-points.pytest11]
 "chatmaild.testplugin" = "chatmaild.tests.plugin"
@@ -70,6 +68,7 @@ commands =
 deps = pytest 
       pdbpp 
       pytest-localserver
+       aiosmtpd
       execnet
 commands = pytest -v -rsXx {posargs}
 """
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import os
+import ipaddress
 from pathlib import Path

 import iniconfig
@@ -9,63 +9,88 @@ from chatmaild.user import User
 def read_config(inipath):
    assert Path(inipath).exists(), inipath
    cfg = iniconfig.IniConfig(inipath)
-    params = cfg.sections["params"]
-    default_config_content = get_default_config_content(params["mail_domain"])
-    df_params = iniconfig.IniConfig("ini", data=default_config_content)["params"]
-    new_params = dict(df_params.items())
-    new_params.update(params)
-    return Config(inipath, params=new_params)
+    return Config(inipath, params=cfg.sections["params"])


 class Config:
    def __init__(self, inipath, params):
        self._inipath = inipath
-        self.mail_domain = params["mail_domain"]
-        self.max_user_send_per_minute = int(params.get("max_user_send_per_minute", 60))
-        self.max_user_send_burst_size = int(params.get("max_user_send_burst_size", 10))
-        self.max_mailbox_size = params["max_mailbox_size"]
-        self.max_message_size = int(params.get("max_message_size", "31457280"))
-        self.delete_mails_after = params["delete_mails_after"]
-        self.delete_large_after = params["delete_large_after"]
-        self.delete_inactive_users_after = int(params["delete_inactive_users_after"])
-        self.username_min_length = int(params["username_min_length"])
-        self.username_max_length = int(params["username_max_length"])
-        self.password_min_length = int(params["password_min_length"])
-        self.passthrough_senders = params["passthrough_senders"].split()
-        self.passthrough_recipients = params["passthrough_recipients"].split()
-        self.www_folder = params.get("www_folder", "")
-        self.filtermail_smtp_port = int(params.get("filtermail_smtp_port", "10080"))
+        params = dict(params)
+        raw_domain = params.pop("mail_domain")
+        self.mail_domain_bare = raw_domain
+
+        if is_valid_ipv4(raw_domain):
+            self.ipv4_relay = raw_domain
+            self.mail_domain = f"[{raw_domain}]"
+            self.postfix_myhostname = ipaddress.IPv4Address(raw_domain).reverse_pointer
+        else:
+            self.ipv4_relay = None
+            self.mail_domain = raw_domain
+            self.postfix_myhostname = raw_domain
+
+        self.max_user_send_per_minute = int(params.pop("max_user_send_per_minute", 60))
+        self.max_user_send_burst_size = int(params.pop("max_user_send_burst_size", 10))
+        self.max_mailbox_size = params.pop("max_mailbox_size", "500M")
+        self.max_message_size = int(params.pop("max_message_size", 31457280))
+        self.delete_mails_after = params.pop("delete_mails_after", "20")
+        self.delete_large_after = params.pop("delete_large_after", "7")
+        self.delete_inactive_users_after = int(
+            params.pop("delete_inactive_users_after", 90)
+        )
+        self.username_min_length = int(params.pop("username_min_length", 9))
+        self.username_max_length = int(params.pop("username_max_length", 9))
+        self.password_min_length = int(params.pop("password_min_length", 9))
+        self.www_folder = params.pop("www_folder", "")
+        self.filtermail_smtp_port = int(params.pop("filtermail_smtp_port", "10080"))
        self.filtermail_smtp_port_incoming = int(
-            params.get("filtermail_smtp_port_incoming", "10081")
+            params.pop("filtermail_smtp_port_incoming", "10081")
        )
-        self.postfix_reinject_port = int(params.get("postfix_reinject_port", "10025"))
+        self.filtermail_http_port_incoming = int(
+            params.pop("filtermail_http_port_incoming", "10082")
+        )
+        self.filtermail_lmtp_port_transport = int(
+            params.pop("filtermail_lmtp_port_transport", "10083")
+        )
+        self.postfix_reinject_port = int(params.pop("postfix_reinject_port", "10025"))
        self.postfix_reinject_port_incoming = int(
-            params.get("postfix_reinject_port_incoming", "10026")
+            params.pop("postfix_reinject_port_incoming", "10026")
        )
-        self.mtail_address = params.get("mtail_address")
-        self.disable_ipv6 = params.get("disable_ipv6", "false").lower() == "true"
-        self.addr_v4 = os.environ.get("CHATMAIL_ADDR_V4", "")
-        self.addr_v6 = os.environ.get("CHATMAIL_ADDR_V6", "")
-        self.acme_email = params.get("acme_email", "")
-        self.imap_rawlog = params.get("imap_rawlog", "false").lower() == "true"
-        self.imap_compress = params.get("imap_compress", "false").lower() == "true"
-        if "iroh_relay" not in params:
-            self.iroh_relay = "https://" + params["mail_domain"]
+        self.mtail_address = params.pop("mtail_address", None)
+        self.disable_ipv6 = params.pop("disable_ipv6", "false").lower() == "true"
+        self.acme_email = params.pop("acme_email", "")
+        self.imap_rawlog = params.pop("imap_rawlog", "false").lower() == "true"
+        self.imap_compress = params.pop("imap_compress", "false").lower() == "true"
+        self.turn_socket_path = params.pop(
+            "turn_socket_path", "/run/chatmail-turn/turn.socket"
+        )
+        iroh_relay = params.pop("iroh_relay", None)
+        if iroh_relay is None:
+            self.iroh_relay = "https://" + raw_domain
            self.enable_iroh_relay = True
        else:
-            self.iroh_relay = params["iroh_relay"].strip()
+            self.iroh_relay = iroh_relay.strip()
            self.enable_iroh_relay = False
-        self.privacy_postal = params.get("privacy_postal")
-        self.privacy_mail = params.get("privacy_mail")
-        self.privacy_pdo = params.get("privacy_pdo")
-        self.privacy_supervisor = params.get("privacy_supervisor")
+        self.privacy_postal = params.pop("privacy_postal", None)
+        self.privacy_mail = params.pop("privacy_mail", None)
+        self.privacy_pdo = params.pop("privacy_pdo", None)
+        self.privacy_supervisor = params.pop("privacy_supervisor", None)
+
+        self.max_load_1m = float(params.pop("max_load_1m", 5))
+        self.min_available_memory_mb = parse_size_mb(
+            params.pop("min_available_memory", "200M")
+        )
+        self.min_free_disk_space_mb = parse_size_mb(
+            params.pop("min_free_disk_space", "1G")
+        )
+        self.max_imap_connections = int(params.pop("max_imap_connections", 10000))
+        self.max_smtp_connections = int(params.pop("max_smtp_connections", 1000))

        # TLS certificate management.
        # If tls_external_cert_and_key is set, use externally managed certs.
        # Otherwise derived from the domain name:
        # - Domains starting with "_" use self-signed certificates
        # - All other domains use ACME.
-        external = params.get("tls_external_cert_and_key", "").strip()
+        external = params.pop("tls_external_cert_and_key", "").strip()

        if external:
            parts = external.split()
@@ -76,21 +101,27 @@ class Config:
                )
            self.tls_cert_mode = "external"
            self.tls_cert_path, self.tls_key_path = parts
-        elif self.mail_domain.startswith("_"):
+        elif raw_domain.startswith("_") or self.ipv4_relay:
            self.tls_cert_mode = "self"
            self.tls_cert_path = "/etc/ssl/certs/mailserver.pem"
            self.tls_key_path = "/etc/ssl/private/mailserver.key"
        else:
            self.tls_cert_mode = "acme"
-            self.tls_cert_path = f"/var/lib/acme/live/{self.mail_domain}/fullchain"
-            self.tls_key_path = f"/var/lib/acme/live/{self.mail_domain}/privkey"
+            self.tls_cert_path = f"/var/lib/acme/live/{raw_domain}/fullchain"
+            self.tls_key_path = f"/var/lib/acme/live/{raw_domain}/privkey"

        # deprecated option
-        mbdir = params.get("mailboxes_dir", f"/home/vmail/mail/{self.mail_domain}")
+        mbdir = params.pop("mailboxes_dir", f"/home/vmail/mail/{raw_domain}")
        self.mailboxes_dir = Path(mbdir.strip())

        # old unused option (except for first migration from sqlite to maildir store)
-        self.passdb_path = Path(params.get("passdb_path", "/home/vmail/passdb.sqlite"))
+        self.passdb_path = Path(params.pop("passdb_path", "/home/vmail/passdb.sqlite"))
+        self._unused_keys = list(params)
+
+    @property
+    def max_mailbox_size_mb(self):
+        """Return max_mailbox_size as an integer in megabytes."""
+        return parse_size_mb(self.max_mailbox_size)

    def _getbytefile(self):
        return open(self._inipath, "rb")
@@ -105,6 +136,16 @@ class Config:
        return User(maildir, addr, password_path, uid="vmail", gid="vmail")


+def parse_size_mb(limit):
+    """Parse a size string like ``500M`` or ``2G`` and return megabytes."""
+    value = limit.strip().upper().removesuffix("B")
+    if value.endswith("G"):
+        return int(value[:-1]) * 1024
+    if value.endswith("M"):
+        return int(value[:-1])
+    return int(value)
+
+
 def write_initial_config(inipath, mail_domain, overrides):
    """Write out default config file, using the specified config value overrides."""
    content = get_default_config_content(mail_domain, **overrides)
@@ -132,28 +173,13 @@ def get_default_config_content(mail_domain, **overrides):
    for name, value in extra.items():
        new_line = f"{name} = {value}"
        new_lines.append(new_line)
+    return "\n".join(new_lines)

-    content = "\n".join(new_lines)

-    # apply testrun privacy overrides
-
-    if mail_domain.endswith(".testrun.org"):
-        override_inipath = inidir.joinpath("override-testrun.ini")
-        privacy = iniconfig.IniConfig(override_inipath)["privacy"]
-        lines = []
-        for line in content.split("\n"):
-            for key, value in privacy.items():
-                value_lines = value.format(mail_domain=mail_domain).strip().split("\n")
-                if not line.startswith(f"{key} =") or not value_lines:
-                    continue
-                if len(value_lines) == 1:
-                    lines.append(f"{key} = {value}")
-                else:
-                    lines.append(f"{key} =")
-                    for vl in value_lines:
-                        lines.append(f"    {vl}")
-                break
-            else:
-                lines.append(line)
-        content = "\n".join(lines)
-    return content
+def is_valid_ipv4(address: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a mail_domain is an IPv4 address."""
+    try:
+        ipaddress.IPv4Address(address)
+        return True
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "clients": [
+    {
+      "clientId": "deltachat",
+      "sources": [
+        {
+          "sourceId": "gplay",
+          "versionInteger": 754,
+          "versionString": "2.57.0",
+          "downloadUrl": "https://github.com/deltachat/deltachat-android/releases/download/v2.57.0/deltachat-gplay-release-2.57.0.apk"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ except ImportError:
 from .config import Config, read_config
 from .dictproxy import DictProxy
 from .migrate_db import migrate_from_db_to_maildir
+from .syslimits import has_sufficient_resources

 NOCREATE_FILE = "/etc/chatmail-nocreate"
 VALID_LOCALPART_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9._-]+$")
@@ -147,6 +148,8 @@ class AuthDictProxy(DictProxy):
            return userdata
        if not is_allowed_to_create(self.config, addr, cleartext_password):
            return
+        if not has_sufficient_resources(self.config):
+            return

        lock = filelock.FileLock(str(user.password_path) + ".lock", timeout=5)
        with lock:
@@ -4,17 +4,26 @@ Expire old messages and addresses.
 """

 import os
+import re
 import shutil
 import sys
 import time
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
 from collections import namedtuple
 from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
 from stat import S_ISREG

 from chatmaild.config import read_config

 FileEntry = namedtuple("FileEntry", ("path", "mtime", "size"))
+QuotaFileEntry = namedtuple("QuotaFileEntry", ("mtime", "quota_size", "path"))
+
+# Quota cleanup factor of max_mailbox_size. The mailbox is reset to this size.
+QUOTA_CLEANUP_FACTOR = 0.7
+
+# e.g. "cur/1775324677.M448978P3029757.exam,S=3235,W=3305:2,S"
+_dovecot_fn_rex = re.compile(r".+/(\d+)\..+,S=(\d+)")


 def iter_mailboxes(basedir, maxnum):
@@ -74,6 +83,42 @@ class MailboxStat:
        self.extrafiles.sort(key=lambda x: -x.size)


+def parse_dovecot_filename(relpath):
+    m = _dovecot_fn_rex.match(relpath)
+    if not m:
+        return None
+    return QuotaFileEntry(int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), relpath)
+
+
+def scan_mailbox_messages(mbox):
+    messages = []
+    for sub in ("cur", "new"):
+        for name in os_listdir_if_exists(mbox / sub):
+            if entry := parse_dovecot_filename(f"{sub}/{name}"):
+                messages.append(entry)
+    return messages
+
+
+def expire_to_target(mbox, target_bytes):
+    messages = scan_mailbox_messages(mbox)
+    total_size = sum(m.quota_size for m in messages)
+    # Keep recent 24 hours of messages protected from expiry because
+    # likely something is wrong with interactions on that address
+    # and quota-full signal can help the address owner's device to notice it
+    undeletable_messages_cutoff = time.time() - (3600 * 24)
+    removed = 0
+    for entry in sorted(messages):
+        if total_size <= target_bytes:
+            break
+        if entry.mtime > undeletable_messages_cutoff:
+            break
+        (mbox / entry.path).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        total_size -= entry.quota_size
+        removed += 1
+
+    return removed
+
+
 def print_info(msg):
    print(msg, file=sys.stderr)

@@ -123,6 +168,16 @@ class Expiry:
        if mbox.last_login and mbox.last_login < cutoff_without_login:
            self.remove_mailbox(mbox.basedir)
            return
+        elif mbox.last_login is None:
+            try:
+                if not self.dry:
+                    os.rmdir(mbox.basedir)
+                    self.del_mboxes += 1
+            except OSError:
+                print_info(
+                    f"Skipped deleting {mbox.basedir}, doesn't have last_login but isn't empty"
+                )
+            return

        mboxname = os.path.basename(mbox.basedir)
        if self.verbose:
@@ -143,6 +198,19 @@ class Expiry:
            else:
                continue
            changed = True
+
+        target_bytes = (
+            self.config.max_mailbox_size_mb * 1024 * 1024 * QUOTA_CLEANUP_FACTOR
+        )
+        removed = expire_to_target(Path(mbox.basedir), target_bytes)
+        if removed:
+            changed = True
+            self.del_files += removed
+            if self.verbose:
+                print_info(
+                    f"quota-expire: removed {removed} message(s) from {mboxname}"
+                )
+
        if changed:
            self.remove_file(f"{mbox.basedir}/maildirsize")

@@ -154,9 +222,9 @@ class Expiry:
        )


-def main(args=None):
+def daily_expire_main(args=None):
    """Expire mailboxes and messages according to chatmail config"""
-    parser = ArgumentParser(description=main.__doc__)
+    parser = ArgumentParser(description=daily_expire_main.__doc__)
    ini = "/usr/local/lib/chatmaild/chatmail.ini"
    parser.add_argument(
        "chatmail_ini",
@@ -202,5 +270,33 @@ def main(args=None):
    print(exp.get_summary())


-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main(sys.argv[1:])
+def quota_expire_main(args=None):
+    """Remove mailbox messages to stay within a megabyte target.
+
+    This entry point is called by dovecot when a quota threshold is passed.
+    """
+
+    parser = ArgumentParser(description=quota_expire_main.__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "target_mb",
+        type=int,
+        help="target mailbox size in megabytes",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "mailbox_path",
+        type=Path,
+        help="path to a user mailbox",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    target_bytes = args.target_mb * 1024 * 1024
+
+    removed_count = expire_to_target(args.mailbox_path, target_bytes)
+    if removed_count:
+        (args.mailbox_path / "maildirsize").unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        print(
+            f"quota-expire: removed {removed_count} message(s)"
+            f" from {args.mailbox_path.name}",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+    return 0
@@ -12,41 +12,62 @@ mail_domain = {mail_domain}
 #

 # email sending rate per user and minute
-max_user_send_per_minute = 60
+#max_user_send_per_minute = 60

 # per-user max burst size for sending rate limiting (GCRA bucket capacity)
-max_user_send_burst_size = 10
+#max_user_send_burst_size = 10

 # maximum mailbox size of a chatmail address
-max_mailbox_size = 500M
+# (Oldest messages will be removed automatically, so mailboxes never run full)
+#max_mailbox_size = 500M

 # maximum message size for an e-mail in bytes
-max_message_size = 31457280
+#max_message_size = 31457280

 # days after which mails are unconditionally deleted
-delete_mails_after = 20
+#delete_mails_after = 20

 # days after which large messages (>200k) are unconditionally deleted
-delete_large_after = 7
+#delete_large_after = 7

 # days after which users without a successful login are deleted (database and mails)
-delete_inactive_users_after = 90
+#delete_inactive_users_after = 90

 # minimum length a username must have
-username_min_length = 9
+#username_min_length = 9

 # maximum length a username can have
-username_max_length = 9
+#username_max_length = 9

 # minimum length a password must have
-password_min_length = 9
+#password_min_length = 9

-# list of chatmail addresses which can send outbound un-encrypted mail
-passthrough_senders =
+#
+# System resource limits
+#

-# list of e-mail recipients for which to accept outbound un-encrypted mails
-# (space-separated, item may start with "@" to whitelist whole recipient domains)
-passthrough_recipients =
+# The following three limits refuse creation of new addresses
+# while existing addresses keep working.
+# Rejections are logged by the doveauth service.
+
+# Maximum 1-minute load average, as reported by "uptime";
+# it counts processes waiting for disk I/O as well as for CPU.
+#max_load_1m = 5
+
+# Minimum memory available without swapping.
+#min_available_memory = 200M
+
+# Minimum free disk space on the file system holding the mailboxes.
+#min_free_disk_space = 1G
+
+# Maximum number of concurrent IMAP connections
+# (the Dovecot imap process limit).
+#max_imap_connections = 10000
+
+# Maximum number of concurrent SMTP connections
+# on each of the submission and smtps ports (the Postfix process limit).
+# A single client IP may use up to a fifth of this.
+#max_smtp_connections = 1000

 # Use externally managed TLS certificates instead of built-in acmetool.
 # Paths refer to files on the deployment server (not the build machine).
@@ -62,19 +83,11 @@ passthrough_recipients =
 # Deployment Details
 #

-# SMTP outgoing filtermail and reinjection 
-filtermail_smtp_port = 10080
-postfix_reinject_port = 10025
-
-# SMTP incoming filtermail and reinjection 
-filtermail_smtp_port_incoming = 10081
-postfix_reinject_port_incoming = 10026
-
 # if set to "True" IPv6 is disabled
-disable_ipv6 = False
+#disable_ipv6 = False

 # Your email adress, which will be used in acmetool to manage Let's Encrypt SSL certificates
-acme_email = 
+#acme_email =

 # Defaults to https://iroh.{{mail_domain}} and running `iroh-relay` on the chatmail
 # service.
@@ -107,13 +120,13 @@ acme_email =
 # in per-maildir ".in/.out" files. 
 # Note that you need to manually cleanup these files
 # so use this option with caution on production servers. 
-imap_rawlog = false 
+#imap_rawlog = false

 # set to true if you want to enable the IMAP COMPRESS Extension,
 # which allows IMAP connections to be efficiently compressed.
 # WARNING: Enabling this makes it impossible to hibernate IMAP
 # processes which will result in much higher memory/RAM usage.
-imap_compress = false
+#imap_compress = false


 #
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-
-[privacy]
-
-passthrough_recipients = privacy@testrun.org echo@{mail_domain}
-
-privacy_postal =
-    Merlinux GmbH, Represented by the managing director H. Krekel,
-    Reichgrafen Str. 20, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
-
-privacy_mail = privacy@testrun.org
-privacy_pdo =
-    Prof. Dr. Fabian Schmieder, lexICT UG (limited), Ostfeldstr. 49, 30559 Hannover.
-    You can contact him at *delta-privacy@merlinux.eu* (Keyword: DPO)
-privacy_supervisor =
-    State Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information of
-    Baden-Württemberg in 70173 Stuttgart, Germany.
@@ -1,13 +1,35 @@
+import json
 import logging
+import socket
 import sys
 import time
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from importlib.resources import files

 from .config import read_config
 from .dictproxy import DictProxy
 from .filedict import FileDict
 from .notifier import Notifier
-from .turnserver import turn_credentials
+
+
+def turn_credentials(turn_socket_path):
+    with socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as client_socket:
+        client_socket.settimeout(5)
+        client_socket.connect(turn_socket_path)
+        with client_socket.makefile("rb") as file:
+            return file.readline().decode("utf-8").strip()
+
+
+def read_appversions(path):
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(path.read_bytes())
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return None
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        logging.exception(f"failed to read {path}")
+        return None
+    # the dict protocol is line-based, keep the value single-line
+    return json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"))


 def _is_valid_token_timestamp(timestamp, now):
@@ -70,44 +92,57 @@ class Metadata:
                # Some tokens have expired, remove them.
                with self._modify_tokens(addr) as _tokens:
                    pass
+        elif isinstance(tokens, list):
+            with self._modify_tokens(addr) as tokens:
+                token_list = list(tokens.keys())
        else:
            token_list = []
        return token_list


 class MetadataDictProxy(DictProxy):
-    def __init__(self, notifier, metadata, iroh_relay=None, turn_hostname=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        notifier,
+        metadata,
+        iroh_relay=None,
+        turn_hostname=None,
+        turn_socket_path=None,
+    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.notifier = notifier
        self.metadata = metadata
        self.iroh_relay = iroh_relay
        self.turn_hostname = turn_hostname
+        self.turn_socket_path = turn_socket_path
+        self.appversions_path = files(__package__).joinpath("defaults/appversions.json")

    def handle_lookup(self, parts):
        # Lpriv/43f5f508a7ea0366dff30200c15250e3/devicetoken\tlkj123poi@c2.testrun.org
-        keyparts = parts[0].split("/", 2)
-        if keyparts[0] == "priv":
-            keyname = keyparts[2]
-            addr = parts[1]
-            if keyname == self.metadata.DEVICETOKEN_KEY:
+        match parts[0].split("/", 2):
+            case ["priv", _, keyname] if keyname == self.metadata.DEVICETOKEN_KEY:
+                addr = parts[1]
                res = " ".join(self.metadata.get_tokens_for_addr(addr))
                return f"O{res}\n"
-        elif keyparts[0] == "shared":
-            keyname = keyparts[2]
-            if (
-                keyname == "vendor/vendor.dovecot/pvt/server/vendor/deltachat/irohrelay"
-                and self.iroh_relay
-            ):
-                # Handle `GETMETADATA "" /shared/vendor/deltachat/irohrelay`
-                return f"O{self.iroh_relay}\n"
-            elif keyname == "vendor/vendor.dovecot/pvt/server/vendor/deltachat/turn":
-                try:
-                    res = turn_credentials()
-                except Exception:
-                    logging.exception("failed to get TURN credentials")
-                    return "N\n"
-                port = 3478
-                return f"O{self.turn_hostname}:{port}:{res}\n"
+            case ["shared", _, keyname]:
+                prefix = "vendor/vendor.dovecot/pvt/server/vendor/deltachat/"
+                if keyname.startswith(prefix):
+                    match keyname[len(prefix) :]:
+                        case "irohrelay" if self.iroh_relay:
+                            return f"O{self.iroh_relay}\n"
+                        case "turn":
+                            try:
+                                res = turn_credentials(self.turn_socket_path)
+                            except Exception:
+                                logging.exception("failed to get TURN credentials")
+                                return "N\n"
+                            return f"O{self.turn_hostname}:3478:{res}\n"
+                        case "maxsmtprecipients":
+                            # postfix default  (see "postconf smtpd_recipient_limit")
+                            return "O1000\n"
+                        case "appversions":
+                            value = read_appversions(self.appversions_path)
+                            return f"O{value}\n" if value else "N\n"

        logging.warning(f"lookup ignored: {parts!r}")
        return "N\n"
@@ -117,12 +152,13 @@ class MetadataDictProxy(DictProxy):
        # https://github.com/dovecot/core/blob/main/src/lib-storage/mailbox-attribute.h
        keyname = parts[1].split("/")
        value = parts[2] if len(parts) > 2 else ""
-        if keyname[0] == "priv" and keyname[2] == self.metadata.DEVICETOKEN_KEY:
-            self.metadata.add_token_to_addr(addr, value)
-            return True
-        elif keyname[0] == "priv" and keyname[2] == "messagenew":
-            self.notifier.new_message_for_addr(addr, self.metadata)
-            return True
+        match keyname:
+            case ["priv", _, key] if key == self.metadata.DEVICETOKEN_KEY:
+                self.metadata.add_token_to_addr(addr, value)
+                return True
+            case ["priv", _, "messagenew"]:
+                self.notifier.new_message_for_addr(addr, self.metadata)
+                return True

        return False

@@ -133,6 +169,7 @@ def main():
    config = read_config(config_path)
    iroh_relay = config.iroh_relay
    mail_domain = config.mail_domain
+    socket_path = config.turn_socket_path

    vmail_dir = config.mailboxes_dir
    if not vmail_dir.exists():
@@ -150,6 +187,7 @@ def main():
        metadata=metadata,
        iroh_relay=iroh_relay,
        turn_hostname=mail_domain,
+        turn_socket_path=socket_path,
    )

    dictproxy.serve_forever_from_socket(socket)
@@ -25,13 +25,19 @@ def create_newemail_dict(config: Config):
    return dict(email=f"{user}@{config.mail_domain}", password=f"{password}")


-def create_dclogin_url(email, password):
+def create_dclogin_url(config, email, password):
    """Build a dclogin: URL with credentials and self-signed cert acceptance.

    Uses ic=3 (AcceptInvalidCertificates) so chatmail clients
    can connect to servers with self-signed TLS certificates.
    """
-    return f"dclogin:{quote(email, safe='@')}?p={quote(password, safe='')}&v=1&ic=3"
+    if config.ipv4_relay:
+        imap_host = "&ih=" + config.ipv4_relay
+        smtp_host = "&sh=" + config.ipv4_relay
+    else:
+        imap_host = ""
+        smtp_host = ""
+    return f"dclogin:{quote(email, safe='@[]')}?p={quote(password, safe='')}&v=1{imap_host}{smtp_host}&ic=3"


 def print_new_account():
@@ -40,7 +46,9 @@ def print_new_account():

    result = dict(email=creds["email"], password=creds["password"])
    if config.tls_cert_mode == "self":
-        result["dclogin_url"] = create_dclogin_url(creds["email"], creds["password"])
+        result["dclogin_url"] = create_dclogin_url(
+            config, creds["email"], creds["password"]
+        )

    print("Content-Type: application/json")
    print("")
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Detect whether the system is at its limits."""
+
+import logging
+
+import psutil
+
+MB = 1024 * 1024
+
+
+def read_value(getter):
+    try:
+        return getter()
+    except Exception as e:
+        logging.warning("ignoring unreadable system limit: %s", e)
+        return None
+
+
+def has_sufficient_resources(config):
+    """Return False if load, memory or disk exceeds a configured limit."""
+    load = read_value(lambda: psutil.getloadavg()[0])
+    mem = read_value(lambda: psutil.virtual_memory().available // MB)
+    disk = read_value(lambda: psutil.disk_usage(str(config.mailboxes_dir)).free // MB)
+    if load is not None and load > config.max_load_1m:
+        msg = f"load avg {load:.2f} > {config.max_load_1m:.2f}"
+    elif mem is not None and mem < config.min_available_memory_mb:
+        msg = f"available memory {mem}MB < {config.min_available_memory_mb}MB"
+    elif disk is not None and disk < config.min_free_disk_space_mb:
+        msg = f"free disk {disk}MB < {config.min_free_disk_space_mb}MB"
+    else:
+        return True
+    logging.warning("registration rejected: %s", msg)
+    return False
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ def make_config(tmp_path):
        basedir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        overrides = settings.copy() if settings else {}
        overrides["mailboxes_dir"] = str(basedir)
+        # permissive resource limits so tests never depend on host load/memory/disk
+        overrides.setdefault("max_load_1m", "99999")
+        overrides.setdefault("min_available_memory", "0")
+        overrides.setdefault("min_free_disk_space", "0")
        write_initial_config(inipath, mail_domain, overrides=overrides)
        return read_config(inipath)

@@ -31,6 +35,11 @@ def example_config(make_config):
    return make_config("chat.example.org")


+@pytest.fixture
+def ipv4_config(make_config):
+    return make_config("1.3.3.7")
+
+
@pytest.fixture
 def maildomain(example_config):
    return example_config.mail_domain
@@ -85,13 +94,13 @@ def mockout():
        captured_green = []
        captured_plain = []

-        def red(self, msg, **kw):
+        def red(self, msg):
            self.captured_red.append(msg)

-        def green(self, msg, **kw):
+        def green(self, msg):
            self.captured_green.append(msg)

-        def print(self, msg="", **kw):
+        def __call__(self, msg):
            self.captured_plain.append(msg)

    return MockOut()
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import json
+
+import pytest
+
+from chatmaild.metadata import MetadataDictProxy
+
+ALLOWED_URL_PREFIXES = (
+    "https://github.com/deltachat/",
+    "https://download.delta.chat/",
+)
+
+
+def check_string(value):
+    assert isinstance(value, str), value
+    assert value
+
+
+def check_version_integer(value):
+    # core parses this as u32, see https://github.com/chatmail/core/pull/8557
+    assert isinstance(value, int) and not isinstance(value, bool), value
+    assert 0 <= value < 2**32, value
+
+
+def check_appversions(data):
+    """Verifies the file the way core parses it.
+
+    core deserializes into typed structs and drops the whole payload
+    of a relay if a single value has an unexpected type,
+    while missing or misspelled keys silently turn into defaults.
+    """
+    assert set(data) == {"clients"}, data
+    assert isinstance(data["clients"], list)
+    assert data["clients"]
+    client_ids = []
+    for client in data["clients"]:
+        assert set(client) == {"clientId", "sources"}, client
+        check_string(client["clientId"])
+        client_ids.append(client["clientId"])
+        assert isinstance(client["sources"], list)
+        assert client["sources"]
+        source_ids = []
+        for source in client["sources"]:
+            assert set(source) == {
+                "sourceId",
+                "versionInteger",
+                "versionString",
+                "downloadUrl",
+            }, source
+            check_string(source["sourceId"])
+            source_ids.append(source["sourceId"])
+            check_version_integer(source["versionInteger"])
+            check_string(source["versionString"])
+            check_string(source["downloadUrl"])
+            assert source["downloadUrl"].startswith(ALLOWED_URL_PREFIXES)
+        # core takes the first matching source, later duplicates never surface
+        assert len(set(source_ids)) == len(source_ids), source_ids
+    assert len(set(client_ids)) == len(client_ids), client_ids
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def appversions():
+    # check the file which chatmail-metadata actually serves
+    path = MetadataDictProxy(notifier=None, metadata=None).appversions_path
+    return json.loads(path.read_text())
+
+
+def test_appversions_schema(appversions):
+    check_appversions(appversions)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [True, -1, 2**32, "754", 754.0, None])
+def test_version_integer_rejected(appversions, value):
+    appversions["clients"][0]["sources"][0]["versionInteger"] = value
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        check_appversions(appversions)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("key", ["clientId", "sources"])
+def test_misspelled_client_key_rejected(appversions, key):
+    client = appversions["clients"][0]
+    client[key + "s"] = client.pop(key)
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        check_appversions(appversions)
+
+
+def test_duplicate_source_id_rejected(appversions):
+    sources = appversions["clients"][0]["sources"]
+    sources.append(dict(sources[0]))
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        check_appversions(appversions)
+
+
+def test_foreign_download_url_rejected(appversions):
+    appversions["clients"][0]["sources"][0]["downloadUrl"] = "https://example.org/x.apk"
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        check_appversions(appversions)
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import pytest

-from chatmaild.config import read_config
+from chatmaild.config import (
+    is_valid_ipv4,
+    parse_size_mb,
+    read_config,
+)


 def test_read_config_basic(example_config):
@@ -9,10 +13,21 @@ def test_read_config_basic(example_config):
    assert not example_config.privacy_pdo and not example_config.privacy_postal

    inipath = example_config._inipath
-    inipath.write_text(inipath.read_text().replace("60", "37"))
+    inipath.write_text(
+        inipath.read_text().replace(
+            "#max_user_send_per_minute = 60",
+            "max_user_send_per_minute = 37",
+        )
+    )
    example_config = read_config(inipath)
    assert example_config.max_user_send_per_minute == 37
    assert example_config.mail_domain == "chat.example.org"
+    assert example_config.ipv4_relay is None
+
+
+def test_read_config_ipv4(ipv4_config):
+    assert ipv4_config.ipv4_relay == "1.3.3.7"
+    assert ipv4_config.mail_domain == "[1.3.3.7]"


 def test_read_config_basic_using_defaults(tmp_path, maildomain):
@@ -21,26 +36,23 @@ def test_read_config_basic_using_defaults(tmp_path, maildomain):
    example_config = read_config(inipath)
    assert example_config.max_user_send_per_minute == 60
    assert example_config.filtermail_smtp_port_incoming == 10081
+    assert example_config.filtermail_smtp_port == 10080
+    assert example_config.postfix_reinject_port == 10025
+    assert example_config.max_user_send_per_minute == 60
+    assert example_config.max_mailbox_size == "500M"
+    assert example_config.delete_mails_after == "20"
+    assert example_config.delete_large_after == "7"
+    assert example_config.username_min_length == 9
+    assert example_config.username_max_length == 9
+    assert example_config.password_min_length == 9
+    assert example_config.max_imap_connections == 10000
+    assert example_config.max_smtp_connections == 1000
+    assert example_config._unused_keys == []


-def test_read_config_testrun(make_config):
-    config = make_config("something.testrun.org")
-    assert config.mail_domain == "something.testrun.org"
-    assert len(config.privacy_postal.split("\n")) > 1
-    assert len(config.privacy_supervisor.split("\n")) > 1
-    assert len(config.privacy_pdo.split("\n")) > 1
-    assert config.privacy_mail == "privacy@testrun.org"
-    assert config.filtermail_smtp_port == 10080
-    assert config.postfix_reinject_port == 10025
-    assert config.max_user_send_per_minute == 60
-    assert config.max_mailbox_size == "500M"
-    assert config.delete_mails_after == "20"
-    assert config.delete_large_after == "7"
-    assert config.username_min_length == 9
-    assert config.username_max_length == 9
-    assert config.password_min_length == 9
-    assert "privacy@testrun.org" in config.passthrough_recipients
-    assert config.passthrough_senders == []
+def test_config_unused_keys(make_config):
+    config = make_config("chat.example.org", {"passthrough_senders": "x@y.org"})
+    assert config._unused_keys == ["passthrough_senders"]


 def test_config_userstate_paths(make_config, tmp_path):
@@ -121,3 +133,31 @@ def test_config_tls_external_bad_format(make_config):
                "tls_external_cert_and_key": "/only/one/path.pem",
            },
        )
+
+
+def test_parse_size_mb():
+    assert parse_size_mb("500M") == 500
+    assert parse_size_mb("2G") == 2048
+    assert parse_size_mb("  1g  ") == 1024
+    assert parse_size_mb("100MB") == 100
+    assert parse_size_mb("256") == 256
+
+
+def test_max_mailbox_size_mb(make_config):
+    config = make_config("chat.example.org")
+    assert config.max_mailbox_size == "500M"
+    assert config.max_mailbox_size_mb == 500
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ["input", "result"],
+    [
+        ("example.org", False),
+        ("1.3.3.7", True),
+        ("fe::1", False),
+        ("ad.1e.dag.adf", False),
+        ("12394142", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_valid_ipv4(input, result):
+    assert result == is_valid_ipv4(input)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import time

 from chatmaild.doveauth import AuthDictProxy
-from chatmaild.expire import main as main_expire
+from chatmaild.expire import daily_expire_main as main_expire


 def test_login_timestamps(example_config):
@@ -202,3 +202,17 @@ def test_50_concurrent_lookups_different_accounts(gencreds, dictproxy):
        res = results.get()
        if res is not None:
            pytest.fail(f"concurrent lookup failed\n{res}")
+
+
+def test_insufficient_resources_block_creation_not_existing_logins(
+    dictproxy, gencreds, monkeypatch
+):
+    addr, password = gencreds()
+    assert dictproxy.lookup_passdb(addr, password)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        chatmaild.doveauth, "has_sufficient_resources", lambda config: False
+    )
+    newaddr, newpassword = gencreds()
+    assert not dictproxy.lookup_passdb(newaddr, newpassword)
+    assert dictproxy.lookup_passdb(addr, password)
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import itertools
 import os
 import random
+import shutil
+import time
 from datetime import datetime
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -7,15 +10,22 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pytest

 from chatmaild.expire import (
+    Expiry,
    FileEntry,
    MailboxStat,
+    expire_to_target,
    get_file_entry,
    iter_mailboxes,
    os_listdir_if_exists,
+    parse_dovecot_filename,
+    quota_expire_main,
+    scan_mailbox_messages,
 )
-from chatmaild.expire import main as expiry_main
+from chatmaild.expire import daily_expire_main as expiry_main
 from chatmaild.fsreport import main as report_main

+MB = 1024 * 1024
+

 def fill_mbox(folderdir):
    password = folderdir.joinpath("password")
@@ -96,6 +106,32 @@ def test_stats_mailbox(mbox1):
    assert mbox3.last_login is None


+def test_mbox_without_password(mbox1, example_config, capsys):
+    password = Path(mbox1.basedir).joinpath("password")
+    os.remove(password)
+    mbox_rescan = MailboxStat(mbox1.basedir)
+    assert mbox_rescan.last_login is None
+
+    exp = Expiry(
+        example_config, dry=False, now=datetime.now().timestamp(), verbose=False
+    )
+    exp.process_mailbox_stat(mbox_rescan)
+    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert "doesn't have last_login but isn't empty" in err
+    assert os.path.isdir(mbox_rescan.basedir)
+
+    for entry in os.scandir(mbox_rescan.basedir):
+        if os.path.isdir(entry):
+            shutil.rmtree(entry)
+        else:
+            os.remove(entry)
+
+    exp.process_mailbox_stat(mbox_rescan)
+    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert "doesn't have last_login but isn't empty" not in err
+    assert not os.path.isdir(mbox_rescan.basedir)
+
+
 def test_report_no_mailboxes(example_config):
    args = (str(example_config._inipath),)
    report_main(args)
@@ -196,3 +232,51 @@ def test_os_listdir_if_exists(tmp_path):
    tmp_path.joinpath("x").write_text("hello")
    assert len(os_listdir_if_exists(str(tmp_path))) == 1
    assert len(os_listdir_if_exists(str(tmp_path.joinpath("123123")))) == 0
+
+
+# --- quota expire tests ---
+
+_msg_counter = itertools.count(1)
+
+
+def _create_message(basedir, sub, size, days_old=0, disk_size=None):
+    seq = next(_msg_counter)
+    mtime = int(time.time() - days_old * 86400)
+    name = f"{mtime}.M1P1Q{seq}.hostname,S={size},W={size}:2,S"
+    path = basedir / sub / name
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_bytes(b"x" * (disk_size if disk_size is not None else size))
+    os.utime(path, (mtime, mtime))
+    return path
+
+
+def test_parse_dovecot_filename():
+    e = parse_dovecot_filename("cur/1775324677.M448978P3029757.exam,S=3235,W=3305:2,S")
+    assert e.path == "cur/1775324677.M448978P3029757.exam,S=3235,W=3305:2,S"
+    assert e.mtime == 1775324677
+    assert e.quota_size == 3235
+    assert parse_dovecot_filename("cur/msg_without_structure") is None
+
+
+def test_expire_to_target(tmp_path):
+    _create_message(tmp_path, "cur", MB, days_old=10, disk_size=100)
+    _create_message(tmp_path, "new", MB, days_old=5)
+    _create_message(tmp_path, "cur", MB, days_old=0)  # undeletable (<1 hour)
+    assert len(scan_mailbox_messages(tmp_path)) == 3
+    # removes oldest first, uses S= size not disk size
+    removed = expire_to_target(tmp_path, MB)
+    assert removed == 2
+    msgs = scan_mailbox_messages(tmp_path)
+    assert len(msgs) == 1
+    # the surviving message is the fresh undeletable one
+    assert msgs[0].mtime > time.time() - 3600
+
+
+def test_quota_expire_main(tmp_path, capsys):
+    mbox = tmp_path / "user@example.org"
+    _create_message(mbox, "cur", 2 * MB, days_old=5)
+    (mbox / "maildirsize").write_text("x")
+    quota_expire_main([str(1), str(mbox)])
+    _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert "quota-expire: removed 1 message(s) from user@example.org" in err
+    assert not (mbox / "maildirsize").exists()
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import io
+import json
 import time

 import pytest
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ import requests
 from chatmaild.metadata import (
    Metadata,
    MetadataDictProxy,
+    read_appversions,
 )
 from chatmaild.notifier import (
    Notifier,
@@ -324,7 +326,7 @@ def test_turn_credentials_exception_returns_N(notifier, metadata, monkeypatch):
        turn_hostname="turn.example.org",
    )

-    def mock_turn_credentials():
+    def mock_turn_credentials(turn_socket_path):
        raise ConnectionRefusedError("socket not available")

    monkeypatch.setattr(chatmaild.metadata, "turn_credentials", mock_turn_credentials)
@@ -348,7 +350,9 @@ def test_turn_credentials_success(notifier, metadata, monkeypatch):
        turn_hostname="turn.example.org",
    )

-    monkeypatch.setattr(chatmaild.metadata, "turn_credentials", lambda: "user:pass")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        chatmaild.metadata, "turn_credentials", lambda path: "user:pass"
+    )

    transactions = {}
    res = dictproxy.handle_dovecot_request(
@@ -360,15 +364,65 @@ def test_turn_credentials_success(notifier, metadata, monkeypatch):


 def test_iroh_relay(dictproxy):
-    rfile = io.BytesIO(
-        b"\n".join(
-            [
-                b"H",
-                b"Lshared/0123/vendor/vendor.dovecot/pvt/server/vendor/deltachat/irohrelay\tuser@example.org",
-            ]
-        )
-    )
-    wfile = io.BytesIO()
+    key = b"Lshared/0123/vendor/vendor.dovecot/pvt/server/vendor/deltachat/irohrelay\tuser@example.org"
+    rfile, wfile = io.BytesIO(b"H\n" + key), io.BytesIO()
    dictproxy.iroh_relay = "https://example.org/"
    dictproxy.loop_forever(rfile, wfile)
    assert wfile.getvalue() == b"Ohttps://example.org/\n"
+
+
+def test_read_appversions(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path.joinpath("appversions.json")
+    assert read_appversions(path) is None
+
+    path.write_text('{\n  "clients": []\n}')
+    assert read_appversions(path) == '{"clients":[]}'
+
+    # the value travels as a single dict protocol line
+    path.write_text('{"clients": [{"clientId": "one\\ntwo"}]}')
+    assert read_appversions(path) == '{"clients":[{"clientId":"one\\ntwo"}]}'
+
+    path.write_text("bad json")
+    assert read_appversions(path) is None
+
+
+def test_appversions_lookup(dictproxy):
+    # the version information shipped with chatmaild is served as a single line
+    key = b"Lshared/0123/vendor/vendor.dovecot/pvt/server/vendor/deltachat/appversions"
+    key += b"\tuser@example.org"
+    rfile, wfile = io.BytesIO(b"H\n" + key), io.BytesIO()
+    dictproxy.loop_forever(rfile, wfile)
+    value = wfile.getvalue()
+    assert value.startswith(b"O") and value.endswith(b"\n")
+    assert json.loads(value[1:])["clients"]
+
+
+def test_legacy_token_migration(metadata, testaddr):
+    with metadata.get_metadata_dict(testaddr).modify() as data:
+        data[metadata.DEVICETOKEN_KEY] = ["oldtoken1", "oldtoken2"]
+
+    assert metadata.get_tokens_for_addr(testaddr) == ["oldtoken1", "oldtoken2"]
+    mdict = metadata.get_metadata_dict(testaddr).read()
+    tokens = mdict[metadata.DEVICETOKEN_KEY]
+    assert isinstance(tokens, dict)
+    assert "oldtoken1" in tokens and "oldtoken2" in tokens
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "suffix, expected",
+    [
+        (b"vendor/deltachat/maxsmtprecipients", b"O1000\n"),
+        (b"wrong/prefix/key", b"N\n"),
+        (b"vendor/deltachat/unknown", b"N\n"),
+    ],
+    ids=["maxsmtprecipients", "prefix_mismatch", "unknown_name"],
+)
+def test_shared_lookup(dictproxy, suffix, expected):
+    key = (
+        b"Lshared/0123/vendor/vendor.dovecot/pvt/server/"
+        + suffix
+        + b"\tuser@example.org"
+    )
+    rfile, wfile = io.BytesIO(b"H\n" + key), io.BytesIO()
+    dictproxy.loop_forever(rfile, wfile)
+    assert wfile.getvalue() == expected
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ def test_migration(tmp_path, example_config, caplog):
    assert passdb_path.stat().st_size > 10000

    example_config.passdb_path = passdb_path
+    # ensure logging.info records are captured regardless of global configuration
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")

    assert not caplog.records

@@ -19,18 +19,35 @@ def test_create_newemail_dict(example_config):
    assert ac1["password"] != ac2["password"]


-def test_create_dclogin_url():
-    url = create_dclogin_url("user@example.org", "p@ss w+rd")
+def test_create_newemail_dict_ip(ipv4_config):
+    ac = create_newemail_dict(ipv4_config)
+    assert ac["email"].endswith("@[1.3.3.7]")
+
+
+def test_create_dclogin_url(example_config):
+    addr = "user@example.org"
+    password = "p@ss w+rd"
+    url = create_dclogin_url(example_config, addr, password)
    assert url.startswith("dclogin:")
    assert "v=1" in url
    assert "ic=3" in url

-    assert "user@example.org" in url
+    assert addr in url
    # password special chars must be encoded
    assert "p%40ss" in url
    assert "w%2Brd" in url


+def test_create_dclogin_url_ipv4(ipv4_config):
+    addr = "user@[1.3.3.7]"
+    password = "p@ss w+rd"
+    url = create_dclogin_url(ipv4_config, addr, password)
+    assert url.startswith("dclogin:")
+    assert "v=1" in url
+    assert "ic=3" in url
+    assert addr in url
+
+
 def test_print_new_account(capsys, monkeypatch, maildomain, tmpdir, example_config):
    monkeypatch.setattr(chatmaild.newemail, "CONFIG_PATH", str(example_config._inipath))
    print_new_account()
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import shutil
+
+import psutil
+
+from chatmaild.syslimits import has_sufficient_resources
+
+PERMISSIVE = {
+    "max_load_1m": "99999",
+    "min_available_memory": "0",
+    "min_free_disk_space": "0",
+}
+
+
+def test_rejects_constrained_system(make_config, caplog):
+    assert has_sufficient_resources(make_config("chat.example.org", PERMISSIVE))
+    for settings in (
+        {"max_load_1m": "-1.0"},
+        {"min_available_memory": "99999999G"},
+        {"min_free_disk_space": "99999999G"},
+    ):
+        config = make_config("chat.example.org", PERMISSIVE | settings)
+        caplog.clear()
+        assert not has_sufficient_resources(config), settings
+        assert "registration rejected" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_unreadable_disk_does_not_reject(make_config, caplog):
+    config = make_config(
+        "chat.example.org", PERMISSIVE | {"min_free_disk_space": "99999999G"}
+    )
+    shutil.rmtree(config.mailboxes_dir)
+    assert has_sufficient_resources(config)
+    assert "ignoring" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_one_unreadable_value_keeps_other_checks(make_config, monkeypatch, caplog):
+    def raise_error(*args):
+        raise psutil.Error("dud")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(psutil, "getloadavg", raise_error)
+    config = make_config(
+        "chat.example.org", PERMISSIVE | {"min_free_disk_space": "99999999G"}
+    )
+    assert not has_sufficient_resources(config)
+    assert "ignoring" in caplog.text
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import socket
+import threading
+
+import pytest
+
+from chatmaild.metadata import turn_credentials
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def turn_socket(tmp_path):
+    sock_path = str(tmp_path / "turn.socket")
+    server = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    server.bind(sock_path)
+    server.listen(1)
+    yield sock_path, server
+    server.close()
+
+
+def test_turn_credentials_timeout(turn_socket):
+    sock_path, server = turn_socket
+    with pytest.raises(socket.timeout):
+        # Inside turn_credentials the kernel listen backlog (1)
+        # completes connect() without accept()
+        # so the client blocks on readline() until the 5s timeout fires.
+        turn_credentials(sock_path)
+
+
+def test_turn_credentials_connection_refused_on_not_existing_socket(tmp_path):
+    missing = str(tmp_path / "nonexistent.socket")
+    with pytest.raises((ConnectionRefusedError, FileNotFoundError)):
+        turn_credentials(missing)
+
+
+def test_turn_credentials_socket_success(turn_socket):
+    sock_path, server = turn_socket
+
+    def respond():
+        conn, _ = server.accept()
+        conn.sendall(b"testuser:testpass\n")
+        conn.close()
+
+    t = threading.Thread(target=respond, daemon=True)
+    t.start()
+
+    result = turn_credentials(sock_path)
+    assert result == "testuser:testpass"
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-import socket
-import threading
-import time
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-import pytest
-
-from chatmaild.turnserver import turn_credentials
-
-SOCKET_PATH = "/run/chatmail-turn/turn.socket"
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def turn_socket(tmp_path):
-    """Create a real Unix socket server at a temp path."""
-    sock_path = str(tmp_path / "turn.socket")
-    server = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-    server.bind(sock_path)
-    server.listen(1)
-    yield sock_path, server
-    server.close()
-
-
-def _call_turn_credentials(sock_path):
-    """Call turn_credentials but connect to sock_path instead of hardcoded path."""
-    original_connect = socket.socket.connect
-
-    def patched_connect(self, address):
-        if address == SOCKET_PATH:
-            address = sock_path
-        return original_connect(self, address)
-
-    with patch.object(socket.socket, "connect", patched_connect):
-        return turn_credentials()
-
-
-def test_turn_credentials_timeout(turn_socket):
-    """Server accepts but never responds — must raise socket.timeout."""
-    sock_path, server = turn_socket
-
-    def accept_and_hang():
-        conn, _ = server.accept()
-        time.sleep(30)
-        conn.close()
-
-    t = threading.Thread(target=accept_and_hang, daemon=True)
-    t.start()
-
-    with pytest.raises(socket.timeout):
-        _call_turn_credentials(sock_path)
-
-
-def test_turn_credentials_connection_refused(tmp_path):
-    """Socket file doesn't exist — must raise ConnectionRefusedError or FileNotFoundError."""
-    missing = str(tmp_path / "nonexistent.socket")
-    with pytest.raises((ConnectionRefusedError, FileNotFoundError)):
-        _call_turn_credentials(missing)
-
-
-def test_turn_credentials_success(turn_socket):
-    """Server responds with credentials — must return stripped string."""
-    sock_path, server = turn_socket
-
-    def respond():
-        conn, _ = server.accept()
-        conn.sendall(b"testuser:testpass\n")
-        conn.close()
-
-    t = threading.Thread(target=respond, daemon=True)
-    t.start()
-
-    result = _call_turn_credentials(sock_path)
-    assert result == "testuser:testpass"
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-import socket
-
-
-def turn_credentials() -> str:
-    with socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as client_socket:
-        client_socket.settimeout(5)
-        client_socket.connect("/run/chatmail-turn/turn.socket")
-        with client_socket.makefile("rb") as file:
-            return file.readline().decode("utf-8").strip()
@@ -92,3 +92,5 @@ topo_order_commits = true
 sort_commits = "oldest"
 # Process submodules commits
 recurse_submodules = false
+exclude_paths = ["filtermail/"]
+tag_pattern = '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$'
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "pillow",
  "qrcode",
  "markdown",
-  "pytest",
  "setuptools>=68",
  "termcolor",
  "build",
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "execnet",
  "imap_tools",
  "deltachat-rpc-client",
+  "deltachat-rpc-server",
 ]

 [project.scripts]
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-import importlib.resources
-
-from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server, systemd
+from pyinfra.operations import apt, server

 from ..basedeploy import Deployer

@@ -9,9 +7,6 @@ class AcmetoolDeployer(Deployer):
    def __init__(self, email, domains):
        self.domains = domains
        self.email = email
-        self.need_restart_redirector = False
-        self.need_restart_reconcile_service = False
-        self.need_restart_reconcile_timer = False

    def install(self):
        apt.packages(
@@ -19,121 +14,41 @@ class AcmetoolDeployer(Deployer):
            packages=["acmetool"],
        )

-        files.file(
-            name="Remove old acmetool cronjob, it is replaced with systemd timer.",
-            path="/etc/cron.d/acmetool",
-            present=False,
-        )
+        self.remove_file("/etc/cron.d/acmetool")

-        files.put(
-            name="Install acmetool hook.",
-            src=importlib.resources.files(__package__)
-            .joinpath("acmetool.hook")
-            .open("rb"),
-            dest="/etc/acme/hooks/nginx",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="755",
-        )
-        files.file(
-            name="Remove acmetool hook from the wrong location where it was previously installed.",
-            path="/usr/lib/acme/hooks/nginx",
-            present=False,
-        )
+        self.put_executable("acmetool/acmetool.hook", "/etc/acme/hooks/nginx")
+        self.remove_file("/usr/lib/acme/hooks/nginx")

    def configure(self):
-        files.template(
-            src=importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath(
-                "response-file.yaml.j2"
-            ),
-            dest="/var/lib/acme/conf/responses",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "acmetool/response-file.yaml.j2",
+            "/var/lib/acme/conf/responses",
            email=self.email,
        )

-        files.template(
-            src=importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath("target.yaml.j2"),
-            dest="/var/lib/acme/conf/target",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "acmetool/target.yaml.j2",
+            "/var/lib/acme/conf/target",
        )

        server.shell(
            name=f"Remove old acmetool desired files for {self.domains[0]}",
            commands=[f"rm -f /var/lib/acme/desired/{self.domains[0]}-*"],
        )
-        files.template(
-            src=importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath("desired.yaml.j2"),
-            dest=f"/var/lib/acme/desired/{self.domains[0]}",  # 0 is mailhost TLD
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "acmetool/desired.yaml.j2",
+            f"/var/lib/acme/desired/{self.domains[0]}",
            domains=self.domains,
        )

-        service_file = files.put(
-            src=importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath(
-                "acmetool-redirector.service"
-            ),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/acmetool-redirector.service",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        self.need_restart_redirector = service_file.changed
-
-        reconcile_service_file = files.put(
-            src=importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath(
-                "acmetool-reconcile.service"
-            ),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/acmetool-reconcile.service",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        self.need_restart_reconcile_service = reconcile_service_file.changed
-
-        reconcile_timer_file = files.put(
-            src=importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath(
-                "acmetool-reconcile.timer"
-            ),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/acmetool-reconcile.timer",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        self.need_restart_reconcile_timer = reconcile_timer_file.changed
+        self.ensure_systemd_unit("acmetool/acmetool-redirector.service")
+        self.ensure_systemd_unit("acmetool/acmetool-reconcile.service")
+        self.ensure_systemd_unit("acmetool/acmetool-reconcile.timer")

    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Setup acmetool-redirector service",
-            service="acmetool-redirector.service",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-            restarted=self.need_restart_redirector,
-        )
-        self.need_restart_redirector = False
-
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Setup acmetool-reconcile service",
-            service="acmetool-reconcile.service",
-            running=False,
-            enabled=False,
-            daemon_reload=self.need_restart_reconcile_service,
-        )
-        self.need_restart_reconcile_service = False
-
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Setup acmetool-reconcile timer",
-            service="acmetool-reconcile.timer",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-            daemon_reload=self.need_restart_reconcile_timer,
-        )
-        self.need_restart_reconcile_timer = False
+        self.ensure_service("acmetool-redirector.service")
+        self.ensure_service("acmetool-reconcile.service", running=False, enabled=False)
+        self.ensure_service("acmetool-reconcile.timer")

        server.shell(
            name=f"Reconcile certificates for: {', '.join(self.domains)}",
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 "acme-enter-email": "{{ email }}"
-"acme-agreement:https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.6-August-18-2025.pdf": true
+"acme-agreement:https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.8-July-06-2026.pdf": true
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import io
 import os
 from contextlib import contextmanager

+from pyinfra import host
+from pyinfra.facts.files import Sha256File
+from pyinfra.facts.server import Command
 from pyinfra.operations import files, server, systemd


@@ -11,6 +14,17 @@ def has_systemd():
    return os.path.isdir("/run/systemd/system")


+def is_in_container() -> bool:
+    """Return True if running inside a container (Docker, LXC, etc.)."""
+    return (
+        host.get_fact(
+            Command,
+            "systemd-detect-virt --container --quiet 2>/dev/null && echo yes || true",
+        )
+        == "yes"
+    )
+
+
@contextmanager
 def blocked_service_startup():
    """Prevent services from auto-starting during package installation.
@@ -37,11 +51,10 @@ def get_resource(arg, pkg=__package__):
    return importlib.resources.files(pkg).joinpath(arg)


-def configure_remote_units(mail_domain, units) -> None:
+def configure_remote_units(deployer, mail_domain, units) -> None:
    remote_base_dir = "/usr/local/lib/chatmaild"
    remote_venv_dir = f"{remote_base_dir}/venv"
    remote_chatmail_inipath = f"{remote_base_dir}/chatmail.ini"
-    root_owned = dict(user="root", group="root", mode="644")

    # install systemd units
    for fn in units:
@@ -57,15 +70,13 @@ def configure_remote_units(mail_domain, units) -> None:
        source_path = get_resource(f"service/{basename}.f")
        content = source_path.read_text().format(**params).encode()

-        files.put(
-            name=f"Upload {basename}",
+        deployer.put_file(
            src=io.BytesIO(content),
            dest=f"/etc/systemd/system/{basename}",
-            **root_owned,
        )


-def activate_remote_units(units) -> None:
+def activate_remote_units(deployer, units) -> None:
    # activate systemd units
    for fn in units:
        basename = fn if "." in fn else f"{fn}.service"
@@ -75,14 +86,8 @@ def activate_remote_units(units) -> None:
            enabled = False
        else:
            enabled = True
-        systemd.service(
-            name=f"Setup {basename}",
-            service=basename,
-            running=enabled,
-            enabled=enabled,
-            restarted=enabled,
-            daemon_reload=True,
-        )
+
+        deployer.ensure_service(basename, running=enabled, enabled=enabled)


 class Deployment:
@@ -128,6 +133,7 @@ class Deployment:

 class Deployer:
    need_restart = False
+    daemon_reload = False

    def install(self):
        pass
@@ -137,3 +143,114 @@ class Deployer:

    def activate(self):
        pass
+
+    def ensure_service(self, service, running=True, enabled=True):
+        if running:
+            verb = "Start and enable"
+        else:
+            verb = "Stop"
+        systemd.service(
+            name=f"{verb} {service}",
+            service=service,
+            running=running,
+            enabled=enabled,
+            restarted=self.need_restart if running else False,
+            daemon_reload=self.daemon_reload,
+        )
+        self.daemon_reload = False
+
+    def ensure_systemd_unit(self, src, **kwargs):
+        dest_name = src.split("/")[-1].replace(".j2", "")
+        dest = f"/etc/systemd/system/{dest_name}"
+        if src.endswith(".j2"):
+            return self.put_template(src, dest, **kwargs)
+        return self.put_file(src, dest)
+
+    def put_file(self, src, dest, mode="644", **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(src, str):
+            src = get_resource(src)
+        res = files.put(
+            name=f"Upload {dest}",
+            src=src,
+            dest=dest,
+            user="root",
+            group="root",
+            mode=mode,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        return self._update_restart_signals(dest, res)
+
+    def put_executable(self, src, dest):
+        return self.put_file(src, dest, mode="755")
+
+    def put_template(self, src, dest, owner="root", **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(src, str):
+            src = get_resource(src)
+        res = files.template(
+            name=f"Upload {dest}",
+            src=src,
+            dest=dest,
+            user=owner,
+            group=owner,
+            mode="644",
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        return self._update_restart_signals(dest, res)
+
+    def remove_file(self, dest):
+        res = files.file(name=f"Remove {dest}", path=dest, present=False)
+        return self._update_restart_signals(dest, res)
+
+    def ensure_line(self, path, line, **kwargs):
+        name = kwargs.pop("name", f"Ensure line in {path}")
+        res = files.line(name=name, path=path, line=line, **kwargs)
+        return self._update_restart_signals(path, res)
+
+    def ensure_directory(self, path, owner="root", mode="755", **kwargs):
+        name = kwargs.pop("name", f"Ensure directory {path}")
+        res = files.directory(
+            name=name,
+            path=path,
+            user=owner,
+            group=owner,
+            mode=mode,
+            present=True,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        return self._update_restart_signals(path, res)
+
+    def remove_directory(self, path, **kwargs):
+        name = kwargs.pop("name", f"Remove directory {path}")
+        res = files.directory(name=name, path=path, present=False, **kwargs)
+        return self._update_restart_signals(path, res)
+
+    def download_executable(self, url, dest, sha256sum, extract=None):
+        existing = host.get_fact(Sha256File, dest)
+        if existing == sha256sum:
+            return
+
+        tmp = f"{dest}.new"
+        if extract:
+            dl_cmd = f"curl -fSL {url} | {extract} >{tmp}"
+        else:
+            dl_cmd = f"curl -fSL {url} -o {tmp}"
+
+        server.shell(
+            name=f"Download {dest}",
+            commands=[
+                f"({dl_cmd}"
+                f" && echo '{sha256sum}  {tmp}' | sha256sum -c"
+                f" && mv {tmp} {dest})",
+                f"chmod 755 {dest}",
+            ],
+        )
+        self.need_restart = True
+
+    def _update_restart_signals(self, path, res):
+        if res.changed:
+            self.need_restart = True
+            if str(path).startswith("/etc/systemd/system/"):
+                self.daemon_reload = True
+        return res
@@ -15,27 +15,10 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pyinfra
 from chatmaild.config import read_config, write_initial_config
 from packaging import version
+from termcolor import colored

 from . import dns, remote
-from .lxc.cli import (
-    lxc_start_cmd,
-    lxc_start_cmd_options,
-    lxc_status_cmd,
-    lxc_status_cmd_options,
-    lxc_stop_cmd,
-    lxc_stop_cmd_options,
-    lxc_test_cmd,
-    lxc_test_cmd_options,
-)
-from .lxc.incus import DNSConfigurationError
-from .sshexec import (
-    LocalExec,
-    SSHExec,
-    resolve_host_from_ssh_config,
-    resolve_key_from_ssh_config,
-)
-from .util import Out
-from .www import main as webdev_main
+from .sshexec import LocalExec, SSHExec

 #
 # cmdeploy sub commands and options
@@ -99,21 +82,29 @@ def run_cmd_options(parser):
        help="disable checks nslookup for dns",
    )
    add_ssh_host_option(parser)
-    add_ssh_config_option(parser)
+
+
+def _warn_unused_settings(unused_keys, out):
+    if unused_keys:
+        names = ", ".join(unused_keys)
+        out.red(
+            f"WARNING: chatmail.ini contains settings that have no effect: {names}\n"
+            "Please remove them from chatmail.ini."
+        )


 def run_cmd(args, out):
    """Deploy chatmail services on the remote server."""

-    ssh_host = args.ssh_host if args.ssh_host else args.config.mail_domain
-    sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host, ssh_config=args.ssh_config)
+    ssh_host = args.ssh_host if args.ssh_host else args.config.mail_domain_bare
+    sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host)
    require_iroh = args.config.enable_iroh_relay
    strict_tls = args.config.tls_cert_mode == "acme"
+    if args.config.ipv4_relay:
+        args.dns_check_disabled = True
    if not args.dns_check_disabled:
        remote_data = dns.get_initial_remote_data(sshexec, args.config.mail_domain)
-        if not dns.check_initial_remote_data(
-            remote_data, strict_tls=strict_tls, print=out.red
-        ):
+        if not dns.check_initial_remote_data(remote_data, strict_tls=strict_tls, print=out.red):
            return 1

    env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -121,31 +112,11 @@ def run_cmd(args, out):
    env["CHATMAIL_WEBSITE_ONLY"] = "True" if args.website_only else ""
    env["CHATMAIL_DISABLE_MAIL"] = "True" if args.disable_mail else ""
    env["CHATMAIL_REQUIRE_IROH"] = "True" if require_iroh else ""
-    if not args.dns_check_disabled:
-        env["CHATMAIL_ADDR_V4"] = remote_data.get("A") or ""
-        env["CHATMAIL_ADDR_V6"] = remote_data.get("AAAA") or ""
-    env["DEBIAN_FRONTEND"] = "noninteractive"
-    env["TERM"] = "linux"
    deploy_path = importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath("run.py").resolve()
    pyinf = "pyinfra --dry" if args.dry_run else "pyinfra"

    cmd = f"{pyinf} --ssh-user root {ssh_host} {deploy_path} -y"
-    ssh_config = args.ssh_config
-    if ssh_config:
-        ssh_config = str(Path(ssh_config).resolve())
-
-        # Use pyinfra's native SSH data keys to configure the connection directly
-        # rather than relying on paramiko config parsing (see also sshexec.py)
-        ip = resolve_host_from_ssh_config(ssh_host, ssh_config)
-        key = resolve_key_from_ssh_config(ssh_host, ssh_config)
-        data_args = f"--data ssh_hostname={ip} --data ssh_known_hosts_file=/dev/null"
-        if key:
-            data_args += f" --data ssh_key={key}"
-        cmd = f"{pyinf} --ssh-user root {ssh_host} {deploy_path} -y {data_args}"
-    if ssh_host in ["localhost", "@docker"]:
-        if ssh_host == "@docker":
-            env["CHATMAIL_NOPORTCHECK"] = "True"
-            env["CHATMAIL_NOSYSCTL"] = "True"
+    if ssh_host == "localhost":
        cmd = f"{pyinf} @local {deploy_path} -y"

    if version.parse(pyinfra.__version__) < version.parse("3"):
@@ -153,21 +124,17 @@ def run_cmd(args, out):
        return 1

    try:
-        ret = out.shell(cmd, env=env)
-        if ret:
-            out.red("Deploy failed")
-            return 1
+        out.check_call(cmd, env=env)
        if args.website_only:
            out.green("Website deployment completed.")
-        elif (
-            not args.dns_check_disabled
-            and strict_tls
-            and not remote_data["acme_account_url"]
-        ):
+        elif not args.dns_check_disabled and strict_tls and not remote_data["acme_account_url"]:
            out.red("Deploy completed but letsencrypt not configured")
            out.red("Run 'cmdeploy run' again")
+        elif args.config.ipv4_relay:
+            out.green("Deploy completed.")
        else:
            out.green("Deploy completed, call `cmdeploy dns` next.")
+        _warn_unused_settings(args.config._unused_keys, out)
        return 0
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        out.red("Deploy failed")
@@ -180,16 +147,19 @@ def dns_cmd_options(parser):
        dest="zonefile",
        type=pathlib.Path,
        default=None,
-        help="write DNS records in standard BIND format to the given file",
+        help="write out a zonefile",
    )
    add_ssh_host_option(parser)
-    add_ssh_config_option(parser)


 def dns_cmd(args, out):
    """Check DNS entries and optionally generate dns zone file."""
+    if args.config.ipv4_relay:
+        ipv4 = args.config.ipv4_relay
+        print(f"[WARNING] {ipv4} is not a domain, skipping DNS checks.")
+        return 0
    ssh_host = args.ssh_host if args.ssh_host else args.config.mail_domain
-    sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host, verbose=args.verbose, ssh_config=args.ssh_config)
+    sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host, verbose=args.verbose)
    tls_cert_mode = args.config.tls_cert_mode
    strict_tls = tls_cert_mode == "acme"
    remote_data = dns.get_initial_remote_data(sshexec, args.config.mail_domain)
@@ -220,14 +190,13 @@ def dns_cmd(args, out):

 def status_cmd_options(parser):
    add_ssh_host_option(parser)
-    add_ssh_config_option(parser)


 def status_cmd(args, out):
    """Display status for online chatmail instance."""

-    ssh_host = args.ssh_host if args.ssh_host else args.config.mail_domain
-    sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host, verbose=args.verbose, ssh_config=args.ssh_config)
+    ssh_host = args.ssh_host if args.ssh_host else args.config.mail_domain_bare
+    sshexec = get_sshexec(ssh_host, verbose=args.verbose)

    out.green(f"chatmail domain: {args.config.mail_domain}")
    if args.config.privacy_mail:
@@ -240,21 +209,16 @@ def status_cmd(args, out):


 def test_cmd_options(parser):
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--slow",
-        dest="slow",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="also run slow tests",
-    )
    add_ssh_host_option(parser)
-    add_ssh_config_option(parser)


 def test_cmd(args, out):
    """Run local and online tests for chatmail deployment."""

    env = os.environ.copy()
-    env["CHATMAIL_INI"] = str(args.inipath.resolve())
+    env["CHATMAIL_INI"] = str(args.inipath.absolute())
+    if args.ssh_host:
+        env["CHATMAIL_SSH"] = args.ssh_host

    pytest_path = shutil.which("pytest")
    pytest_args = [
@@ -266,13 +230,7 @@ def test_cmd(args, out):
        "-v",
        "--durations=5",
    ]
-    if args.slow:
-        pytest_args.append("--slow")
-    if args.ssh_host:
-        pytest_args.extend(["--ssh-host", args.ssh_host])
-    if args.ssh_config:
-        pytest_args.extend(["--ssh-config", str(Path(args.ssh_config).resolve())])
-    ret = out.shell(" ".join(pytest_args), env=env)
+    ret = out.run_ret(pytest_args, env=env)
    return ret


@@ -309,8 +267,8 @@ def fmt_cmd(args, out):
    format_args.extend(sources)
    check_args.extend(sources)

-    out.shell(" ".join(format_args), quiet=not args.verbose)
-    out.shell(" ".join(check_args), quiet=not args.verbose)
+    out.check_call(" ".join(format_args), quiet=not args.verbose)
+    out.check_call(" ".join(check_args), quiet=not args.verbose)


 def bench_cmd(args, out):
@@ -323,7 +281,9 @@ def bench_cmd(args, out):

 def webdev_cmd(args, out):
    """Run local web development loop for static web pages."""
-    webdev_main()
+    from .www import main
+
+    main()


 #
@@ -331,25 +291,41 @@ def webdev_cmd(args, out):
 #


+class Out:
+    """Convenience output printer providing coloring."""
+
+    def red(self, msg, file=sys.stderr):
+        print(colored(msg, "red"), file=file)
+
+    def green(self, msg, file=sys.stderr):
+        print(colored(msg, "green"), file=file)
+
+    def __call__(self, msg, red=False, green=False, file=sys.stdout):
+        color = "red" if red else ("green" if green else None)
+        print(colored(msg, color), file=file)
+
+    def check_call(self, arg, env=None, quiet=False):
+        if not quiet:
+            self(f"[$ {arg}]", file=sys.stderr)
+        return subprocess.check_call(arg, shell=True, env=env)
+
+    def run_ret(self, args, env=None, quiet=False):
+        if not quiet:
+            cmdstring = " ".join(args)
+            self(f"[$ {cmdstring}]", file=sys.stderr)
+        proc = subprocess.run(args, env=env, check=False)
+        return proc.returncode
+
+
 def add_ssh_host_option(parser):
    parser.add_argument(
        "--ssh-host",
        dest="ssh_host",
-        help="Run commands on 'localhost', via '@docker', or on a specific SSH host "
+        help="Run commands on 'localhost' or on a specific SSH host "
        "instead of chatmail.ini's mail_domain.",
    )


-def add_ssh_config_option(parser):
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--ssh-config",
-        dest="ssh_config",
-        type=Path,
-        default=None,
-        help="Path to an SSH config file (e.g. lxconfigs/ssh-config).",
-    )
-
-
 def add_config_option(parser):
    parser.add_argument(
        "--config",
@@ -359,26 +335,25 @@ def add_config_option(parser):
        type=Path,
        help="path to the chatmail.ini file",
    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--verbose",
+        "-v",
+        dest="verbose",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="provide verbose logging",
+    )


-def add_subcommand(subparsers, func, add_config=True):
+def add_subcommand(subparsers, func):
    name = func.__name__
    assert name.endswith("_cmd")
-    name = name[:-4].replace("_", "-")
+    name = name[:-4]
    doc = func.__doc__.strip()
    help = doc.split("\n")[0].strip(".")
    p = subparsers.add_parser(name, description=doc, help=help)
    p.set_defaults(func=func)
-    if add_config:
-        add_config_option(p)
-    p.add_argument(
-        "-v",
-        "--verbose",
-        dest="verbose",
-        action="count",
-        default=0,
-        help="increase verbosity (can be repeated: -v, -vv)",
-    )
+    add_config_option(p)
    return p


@@ -387,60 +362,43 @@ Setup your chatmail server configuration and
 deploy it via SSH to your remote location.
 """

-# Explicit subcommand registry: (cmd_func, options_func_or_None, needs_config).
-# LXC commands don't need a chatmail.ini (no config); all others do.
-SUBCOMMANDS = [
-    (init_cmd, init_cmd_options, True),
-    (run_cmd, run_cmd_options, True),
-    (dns_cmd, dns_cmd_options, True),
-    (status_cmd, status_cmd_options, True),
-    (test_cmd, test_cmd_options, True),
-    (fmt_cmd, fmt_cmd_options, True),
-    (bench_cmd, None, True),
-    (webdev_cmd, None, True),
-    (lxc_start_cmd, lxc_start_cmd_options, False),
-    (lxc_stop_cmd, lxc_stop_cmd_options, False),
-    (lxc_status_cmd, lxc_status_cmd_options, False),
-    (lxc_test_cmd, lxc_test_cmd_options, False),
-]
-

 def get_parser():
    """Return an ArgumentParser for the 'cmdeploy' CLI"""

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description.strip())
-    parser.set_defaults(func=None, inipath=None)
    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title="subcommands")

-    for func, addopts, needs_config in SUBCOMMANDS:
-        subparser = add_subcommand(subparsers, func, add_config=needs_config)
-        if addopts is not None:
-            addopts(subparser)
+    # find all subcommands in the module namespace
+    glob = globals()
+    for name, func in glob.items():
+        if name.endswith("_cmd"):
+            subparser = add_subcommand(subparsers, func)
+            addopts = glob.get(name + "_options")
+            if addopts is not None:
+                addopts(subparser)

    return parser


-def get_sshexec(ssh_host: str, verbose=True, ssh_config=None):
+def get_sshexec(ssh_host: str, verbose=True):
    if ssh_host in ["localhost", "@local"]:
-        return LocalExec(verbose, docker=False)
-    elif ssh_host == "@docker":
-        return LocalExec(verbose, docker=True)
+        return LocalExec(verbose)
    if verbose:
        print(f"[ssh] login to {ssh_host}")
-    return SSHExec(ssh_host, verbose=verbose, ssh_config=ssh_config)
+    return SSHExec(ssh_host, verbose=verbose)


 def main(args=None):
    """Provide main entry point for 'cmdeploy' CLI invocation."""
    parser = get_parser()
    args = parser.parse_args(args=args)
-    if args.func is None:
+    if not hasattr(args, "func"):
        return parser.parse_args(["-h"])

-    out = Out(verbosity=args.verbose)
+    out = Out()
    kwargs = {}
-
-    if args.inipath is not None and args.func.__name__ not in ("init_cmd", "fmt_cmd"):
+    if args.func.__name__ not in ("init_cmd", "fmt_cmd"):
        if not args.inipath.exists():
            out.red(f"expecting {args.inipath} to exist, run init first?")
            raise SystemExit(1)
@@ -455,9 +413,6 @@ def main(args=None):
        if res is None:
            res = 0
        return res
-    except DNSConfigurationError as exc:
-        out.red(str(exc))
-        return 1
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        out.red("KeyboardInterrupt")
        sys.exit(130)
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Chat Mail pyinfra deploy.
 """

-import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,10 +12,11 @@ from chatmaild.config import read_config
 from pyinfra import facts, host, logger
 from pyinfra.api import FactBase
 from pyinfra.facts import hardware
-from pyinfra.facts.files import Sha256File
 from pyinfra.facts.systemd import SystemdEnabled
 from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, pip, server, systemd

+from cmdeploy.cmdeploy import Out
+
 from .acmetool import AcmetoolDeployer
 from .basedeploy import (
    Deployer,
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ from .basedeploy import (
    activate_remote_units,
    blocked_service_startup,
    configure_remote_units,
-    get_resource,
    has_systemd,
+    is_in_container,
 )
 from .dovecot.deployer import DovecotDeployer
 from .external.deployer import ExternalTlsDeployer
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ from .nginx.deployer import NginxDeployer
 from .opendkim.deployer import OpendkimDeployer
 from .postfix.deployer import PostfixDeployer
 from .selfsigned.deployer import SelfSignedTlsDeployer
-from .util import Out, get_version_string
 from .www import build_webpages, find_merge_conflict, get_paths


@@ -81,25 +80,22 @@ def remove_legacy_artifacts():
        )


-def _install_remote_venv_with_chatmaild() -> None:
+def _install_remote_venv_with_chatmaild(deployer) -> None:
    remove_legacy_artifacts()
    dist_file = _build_chatmaild(dist_dir=Path("chatmaild/dist"))
    remote_base_dir = "/usr/local/lib/chatmaild"
    remote_dist_file = f"{remote_base_dir}/dist/{dist_file.name}"
    remote_venv_dir = f"{remote_base_dir}/venv"
-    root_owned = dict(user="root", group="root", mode="644")

    apt.packages(
        name="apt install python3-virtualenv",
        packages=["python3-virtualenv"],
    )

-    files.put(
-        name="Upload chatmaild source package",
+    deployer.ensure_directory(f"{remote_base_dir}/dist")
+    deployer.put_file(
        src=dist_file.open("rb"),
        dest=remote_dist_file,
-        create_remote_dir=True,
-        **root_owned,
    )

    pip.virtualenv(
@@ -121,73 +117,76 @@ def _install_remote_venv_with_chatmaild() -> None:
    )


-def _configure_remote_venv_with_chatmaild(config) -> None:
+def _configure_remote_venv_with_chatmaild(deployer, config) -> None:
    remote_base_dir = "/usr/local/lib/chatmaild"
    remote_chatmail_inipath = f"{remote_base_dir}/chatmail.ini"
-    root_owned = dict(user="root", group="root", mode="644")

-    files.put(
-        name=f"Upload {remote_chatmail_inipath}",
+    deployer.put_file(
        src=config._getbytefile(),
        dest=remote_chatmail_inipath,
-        **root_owned,
    )

-    files.file(
-        path="/etc/cron.d/chatmail-metrics",
-        present=False,
-    )
-    files.file(
-        path="/var/www/html/metrics",
-        present=False,
-    )
+    deployer.remove_file("/etc/cron.d/chatmail-metrics")
+    deployer.remove_file("/var/www/html/metrics")


 class UnboundDeployer(Deployer):
    def __init__(self, config):
        self.config = config
-        self.need_restart = False

    def install(self):
-        # Run local DNS resolver `unbound`. `resolvconf` takes care of
-        # setting up /etc/resolv.conf to use 127.0.0.1 as the resolver.
-
        # On an IPv4-only system, if unbound is started but not configured,
        # it causes subsequent steps to fail to resolve hosts.
        with blocked_service_startup():
+            # dns-root-data is an optional package
+            # that contains /usr/share/dns/root.key
+            #
+            # This file is copied into /var/lib/unbound/root.key
+            # at the start of "unbound" systemd unit
+            # by /usr/libexec/unbound-helper shell script
+            # from the "unbound" package as of version 1.17.1-2+deb12u4
+            #
+            # The same /var/lib/unbound/root.key can be retrieved directly
+            # following the procedure from
+            # <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7958/#section-3.1>
+            # with "unbound-anchor -a /var/lib/unbound/root.key"
+            # We don't install and use "unbound-anchor".
            apt.packages(
                name="Install unbound",
-                packages=["unbound", "unbound-anchor", "dnsutils"],
+                packages=["unbound", "dns-root-data", "dnsutils"],
            )

    def configure(self):
+        # Remove dynamic resolver managers that compete for /etc/resolv.conf.
+        apt.packages(
+            name="Purge resolvconf",
+            packages=["resolvconf"],
+            present=False,
+            extra_uninstall_args="--purge",
+        )
+        # systemd-resolved can't be purged due to dependencies; stop and mask.
        server.shell(
-            name="Generate root keys for validating DNSSEC",
+            name="Stop and mask systemd-resolved",
            commands=[
-                "unbound-anchor -a /var/lib/unbound/root.key || true",
+                "systemctl stop systemd-resolved.service || true",
+                "systemctl mask systemd-resolved.service",
            ],
        )
-        if self.config.disable_ipv6:
-            files.directory(
-                path="/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d",
-                present=True,
-                user="root",
-                group="root",
-                mode="755",
-            )
-            conf = files.put(
-                src=get_resource("unbound/unbound.conf.j2"),
-                dest="/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/chatmail.conf",
-                user="root",
-                group="root",
-                mode="644",
-            )
-        else:
-            conf = files.file(
-                path="/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/chatmail.conf",
-                present=False,
-            )
-        self.need_restart |= conf.changed
+        # Configure unbound resolver with Quad9 fallback and a trailing newline
+        # (SolusVM bug).
+        self.put_file(
+            src=BytesIO(b"nameserver 127.0.0.1\nnameserver 9.9.9.9\n"),
+            dest="/etc/resolv.conf",
+            force=True,
+        )
+        self.ensure_directory(
+            path="/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d",
+        )
+        self.put_template(
+            "unbound/unbound.conf.j2",
+            "/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/chatmail.conf",
+            disable_ipv6=self.config.disable_ipv6,
+        )

    def activate(self):
        server.shell(
@@ -197,27 +196,25 @@ class UnboundDeployer(Deployer):
            ],
        )

-        systemd.service(
-            name="Start and enable unbound",
-            service="unbound.service",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-            restarted=self.need_restart,
+        self.ensure_service("unbound.service")
+
+        self.ensure_service(
+            "unbound-resolvconf.service",
+            running=False,
+            enabled=False,
        )


 class MtastsDeployer(Deployer):
    def configure(self):
        # Remove configuration.
-        files.file("/etc/mta-sts-daemon.yml", present=False)
-        files.directory("/usr/local/lib/postfix-mta-sts-resolver", present=False)
-        files.file("/etc/systemd/system/mta-sts-daemon.service", present=False)
+        self.remove_file("/etc/mta-sts-daemon.yml")
+        self.remove_directory("/usr/local/lib/postfix-mta-sts-resolver")
+        self.remove_file("/etc/systemd/system/mta-sts-daemon.service")

    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Stop MTA-STS daemon",
-            service="mta-sts-daemon.service",
-            daemon_reload=True,
+        self.ensure_service(
+            "mta-sts-daemon.service",
            running=False,
            enabled=False,
        )
@@ -228,14 +225,7 @@ class WebsiteDeployer(Deployer):
        self.config = config

    def install(self):
-        files.directory(
-            name="Ensure /var/www exists",
-            path="/var/www",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="755",
-            present=True,
-        )
+        self.ensure_directory("/var/www")

    def configure(self):
        www_path, src_dir, build_dir = get_paths(self.config)
@@ -254,14 +244,8 @@ class WebsiteDeployer(Deployer):
                    logger.warning("Web page build failed, skipping website deployment")
                    return
            # if it is not a hugo page, upload it as is
-            # pyinfra files.rsync (experimental) causes problems with ssh-config configuration
-            # the stable files.sync should do
-            files.sync(
-                src=str(www_path),
-                dest="/var/www/html",
-                user="www-data",
-                group="www-data",
-                delete=True,
+            files.rsync(
+                f"{www_path}/", "/var/www/html", flags=["-avz", "--chown=www-data"]
            )


@@ -269,17 +253,20 @@ class LegacyRemoveDeployer(Deployer):
    def install(self):
        apt.packages(name="Remove rspamd", packages="rspamd", present=False)

+        # unbound-anchor was used to download /var/lib/unbound/root.key
+        # It is replaced by dns-root-data which contains /usr/share/dns/root.key.
+        # unbound systemd unit copies /usr/share/dns/root.key
+        # into /var/lib/unbound/root.key automatically on start
+        # as long as /usr/share/dns/root.key is present.
+        apt.packages(name="Remove unbound-anchor", packages="unbound-anchor", present=False)
+
        # remove historic expunge script
        # which is now implemented through a systemd timer (chatmail-expire)
-        files.file(
-            path="/etc/cron.d/expunge",
-            present=False,
-        )
+        self.remove_file("/etc/cron.d/expunge")

        # Remove OBS repository key that is no longer used.
-        files.file("/etc/apt/keyrings/obs-home-deltachat.gpg", present=False)
-        files.line(
-            name="Remove DeltaChat OBS home repository from sources.list",
+        self.remove_file("/etc/apt/keyrings/obs-home-deltachat.gpg")
+        self.ensure_line(
            path="/etc/apt/sources.list",
            line="deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/obs-home-deltachat.gpg] https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/deltachat/Debian_12/ ./",
            escape_regex_characters=True,
@@ -287,11 +274,7 @@ class LegacyRemoveDeployer(Deployer):
        )

        # prior relay versions used filelogging
-        files.directory(
-            name="Ensure old logs on disk are deleted",
-            path="/var/log/journal/",
-            present=False,
-        )
+        self.remove_directory("/var/log/journal/")
        # remove echobot if it is still running
        if has_systemd() and host.get_fact(SystemdEnabled).get("echobot.service"):
            systemd.service(
@@ -333,22 +316,13 @@ class TurnDeployer(Deployer):
                "0fb3e792419494e21ecad536464929dba706bb2c88884ed8f1788141d26fc756",
            ),
        }[host.get_fact(facts.server.Arch)]
-
-        existing_sha256sum = host.get_fact(Sha256File, "/usr/local/bin/chatmail-turn")
-        if existing_sha256sum != sha256sum:
-            server.shell(
-                name="Download chatmail-turn",
-                commands=[
-                    f"(curl -L {url} >/usr/local/bin/chatmail-turn.new && (echo '{sha256sum} /usr/local/bin/chatmail-turn.new' | sha256sum -c) && mv /usr/local/bin/chatmail-turn.new /usr/local/bin/chatmail-turn)",
-                    "chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/chatmail-turn",
-                ],
-            )
+        self.download_executable(url, "/usr/local/bin/chatmail-turn", sha256sum)

    def configure(self):
-        configure_remote_units(self.mail_domain, self.units)
+        configure_remote_units(self, self.mail_domain, self.units)

    def activate(self):
-        activate_remote_units(self.units)
+        activate_remote_units(self, self.units)


 class IrohDeployer(Deployer):
@@ -366,78 +340,38 @@ class IrohDeployer(Deployer):
                "f8ef27631fac213b3ef668d02acd5b3e215292746a3fc71d90c63115446008b1",
            ),
        }[host.get_fact(facts.server.Arch)]
-
-        existing_sha256sum = host.get_fact(Sha256File, "/usr/local/bin/iroh-relay")
-        if existing_sha256sum != sha256sum:
-            server.shell(
-                name="Download iroh-relay",
-                commands=[
-                    f"(curl -L {url} | gunzip | tar -x -f - ./iroh-relay -O >/usr/local/bin/iroh-relay.new && (echo '{sha256sum} /usr/local/bin/iroh-relay.new' | sha256sum -c) && mv /usr/local/bin/iroh-relay.new /usr/local/bin/iroh-relay)",
-                    "chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/iroh-relay",
-                ],
-            )
-
-            self.need_restart = True
+        self.download_executable(
+            url,
+            "/usr/local/bin/iroh-relay",
+            sha256sum,
+            extract="gunzip | tar -xf - ./iroh-relay -O",
+        )

    def configure(self):
-        systemd_unit = files.put(
-            name="Upload iroh-relay systemd unit",
-            src=get_resource("iroh-relay.service"),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/iroh-relay.service",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        self.need_restart |= systemd_unit.changed
-
-        iroh_config = files.put(
-            name="Upload iroh-relay config",
-            src=get_resource("iroh-relay.toml"),
-            dest="/etc/iroh-relay.toml",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        self.need_restart |= iroh_config.changed
+        self.ensure_systemd_unit("iroh-relay.service")
+        self.put_file("iroh-relay.toml", "/etc/iroh-relay.toml")

    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Start and enable iroh-relay",
-            service="iroh-relay.service",
-            running=True,
+        self.ensure_service(
+            "iroh-relay.service",
            enabled=self.enable_iroh_relay,
-            restarted=self.need_restart,
        )
-        self.need_restart = False


 class JournaldDeployer(Deployer):
    def configure(self):
-        journald_conf = files.put(
-            name="Configure journald",
-            src=get_resource("journald.conf"),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/journald.conf",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        self.need_restart = journald_conf.changed
+        self.put_file("journald.conf", "/etc/systemd/journald.conf")

    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Start and enable journald",
-            service="systemd-journald.service",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-            restarted=self.need_restart,
-        )
-        self.need_restart = False
+        self.ensure_service("systemd-journald.service")


 class ChatmailVenvDeployer(Deployer):
    def __init__(self, config):
        self.config = config
        self.units = (
+            # doveauth must restart when chatmaild/ini file changes
+            "doveauth",
            "chatmail-metadata",
            "lastlogin",
            "chatmail-expire",
@@ -447,14 +381,14 @@ class ChatmailVenvDeployer(Deployer):
        )

    def install(self):
-        _install_remote_venv_with_chatmaild()
+        _install_remote_venv_with_chatmaild(self)

    def configure(self):
-        _configure_remote_venv_with_chatmaild(self.config)
-        configure_remote_units(self.config.mail_domain, self.units)
+        _configure_remote_venv_with_chatmaild(self, self.config)
+        configure_remote_units(self, self.config.mail_domain_bare, self.units)

    def activate(self):
-        activate_remote_units(self.units)
+        activate_remote_units(self, self.units)


 class ChatmailDeployer(Deployer):
@@ -468,13 +402,9 @@ class ChatmailDeployer(Deployer):
        self.mail_domain = config.mail_domain

    def install(self):
-        files.put(
-            name="Disable installing recommended packages globally",
+        self.put_file(
            src=BytesIO(b'APT::Install-Recommends "false";\n'),
            dest="/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00InstallRecommends",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
        )
        apt.update(name="apt update", cache_time=24 * 3600)
        apt.upgrade(name="upgrade apt packages", auto_remove=True)
@@ -488,21 +418,13 @@ class ChatmailDeployer(Deployer):
            name="Install rsync",
            packages=["rsync"],
        )
-        apt.packages(
-            name="Ensure cron is installed",
-            packages=["cron"],
-        )

    def configure(self):
-        # Ensure the per-domain mailbox directory exists before
-        # chatmail-metadata starts (it crashes without it).
-        files.directory(
-            name="Ensure vmail mailbox directory exists",
-            path=f"/home/vmail/mail/{self.mail_domain}",
-            user="vmail",
-            group="vmail",
+        # metadata crashes if the mailboxes dir does not exist
+        self.ensure_directory(
+            str(self.config.mailboxes_dir),
+            owner="vmail",
            mode="700",
-            present=True,
        )

        # This file is used by auth proxy.
@@ -514,15 +436,6 @@ class ChatmailDeployer(Deployer):
            ],
        )

-        files.directory(
-            name=f"Ensure mailboxes directory {self.config.mailboxes_dir} exists",
-            path=str(self.config.mailboxes_dir),
-            user="vmail",
-            group="vmail",
-            mode="700",
-            present=True,
-        )
-

 class FcgiwrapDeployer(Deployer):
    def install(self):
@@ -532,22 +445,20 @@ class FcgiwrapDeployer(Deployer):
        )

    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Start and enable fcgiwrap",
-            service="fcgiwrap.service",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-        )
+        self.ensure_service("fcgiwrap.service")


 class GithashDeployer(Deployer):
    def activate(self):
-        files.put(
-            name="Upload chatmail relay git commit hash",
-            src=StringIO(get_version_string()),
-            dest="/etc/chatmail-version",
-            mode="700",
-        )
+        try:
+            git_hash = subprocess.check_output(["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"]).decode()
+        except Exception:
+            git_hash = "unknown\n"
+        try:
+            git_diff = subprocess.check_output(["git", "diff"]).decode()
+        except Exception:
+            git_diff = ""
+        self.put_file(src=StringIO(git_hash + git_diff), dest="/etc/chatmail-version")


 def get_tls_deployer(config, mail_domain):
@@ -573,20 +484,12 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
    """
    config = read_config(config_path)
    check_config(config)
-    mail_domain = config.mail_domain
+    bare_host = config.mail_domain_bare

    if website_only:
        Deployment().perform_stages([WebsiteDeployer(config)])
        return

-    if host.get_fact(Port, port=53) != "unbound":
-        files.line(
-            name="Add 9.9.9.9 to resolv.conf",
-            path="/etc/resolv.conf",
-            # Guard against resolv.conf missing a trailing newline (SolusVM bug).
-            line="\nnameserver 9.9.9.9",
-        )
-
    # Check if mtail_address interface is available (if configured)
    if config.mtail_address and config.mtail_address not in (
        "127.0.0.1",
@@ -601,7 +504,7 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
            )
            exit(1)

-    if not os.environ.get("CHATMAIL_NOPORTCHECK"):
+    if not is_in_container():
        port_services = [
            (["master", "smtpd"], 25),
            ("unbound", 53),
@@ -617,15 +520,17 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
            ("nginx", 443),
            (["master", "smtpd"], 465),
            (["master", "smtpd"], 587),
-            (["imap-login", "dovecot"], 993),
+            (["dovecot", "imap-login"], 993),
            ("iroh-relay", 3340),
            ("mtail", 3903),
-            ("stats", 3904),
+            (["dovecot", "stats"], 3904),
            ("nginx", 8443),
            (["master", "smtpd"], config.postfix_reinject_port),
            (["master", "smtpd"], config.postfix_reinject_port_incoming),
            ("filtermail", config.filtermail_smtp_port),
            ("filtermail", config.filtermail_smtp_port_incoming),
+            ("filtermail", config.filtermail_http_port_incoming),
+            ("filtermail", config.filtermail_lmtp_port_transport),
        ]
        for service, port in port_services:
            print(f"Checking if port {port} is available for {service}...")
@@ -638,7 +543,7 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
                    )
                    exit(1)

-    tls_deployer = get_tls_deployer(config, mail_domain)
+    tls_deployer = get_tls_deployer(config, bare_host)

    all_deployers = [
        ChatmailDeployer(config),
@@ -646,13 +551,13 @@ def deploy_chatmail(config_path: Path, disable_mail: bool, website_only: bool) -
        FiltermailDeployer(),
        JournaldDeployer(),
        UnboundDeployer(config),
-        TurnDeployer(mail_domain),
+        TurnDeployer(bare_host),
        IrohDeployer(config.enable_iroh_relay),
        tls_deployer,
        WebsiteDeployer(config),
        ChatmailVenvDeployer(config),
        MtastsDeployer(),
-        OpendkimDeployer(mail_domain),
+        *([] if config.ipv4_relay else [OpendkimDeployer(bare_host)]),
        # Dovecot should be started before Postfix
        # because it creates authentication socket
        # required by Postfix.
@@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ from . import remote


 def parse_zone_records(text):
-    """Yield ``(name, ttl, rtype, rdata)`` from standard BIND-format text.
-
-    Skips comment lines (starting with ``;``) and blank lines.
-    Each record line must have the format ``name TTL IN type rdata``.
-    """
+    """Yield ``(name, ttl, rtype, rdata)`` from standard BIND-format text."""
    for raw_line in text.splitlines():
        line = raw_line.strip()
        if not line or line.startswith(";"):
@@ -47,33 +43,36 @@ def get_filled_zone_file(remote_data):
        remote_data["sts_id"] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M")

    d = remote_data["mail_domain"]
+
+    def append_record(name, rtype, rdata, ttl=3600):
+        lines.append(f"{name:<40} {ttl:<6} IN  {rtype:<5}  {rdata}")
+
    lines = ["; Required DNS entries"]
    if remote_data.get("A"):
-        lines.append(f"{d}.  3600  IN  A  {remote_data['A']}")
+        append_record(f"{d}.", "A", remote_data["A"])
    if remote_data.get("AAAA"):
-        lines.append(f"{d}.  3600  IN  AAAA  {remote_data['AAAA']}")
-    lines.append(f"{d}.  3600  IN  MX  10 {d}.")
+        append_record(f"{d}.", "AAAA", remote_data["AAAA"])
+    append_record(f"{d}.", "MX", f"10 {d}.")
    if remote_data.get("strict_tls"):
-        lines.append(
-            f'_mta-sts.{d}.  3600  IN  TXT  "v=STSv1; id={remote_data["sts_id"]}"'
-        )
-        lines.append(f"mta-sts.{d}.  3600  IN  CNAME  {d}.")
-    lines.append(f"www.{d}.  3600  IN  CNAME  {d}.")
+        append_record(f"_mta-sts.{d}.", "TXT", f'"v=STSv1; id={remote_data["sts_id"]}"')
+        append_record(f"mta-sts.{d}.", "CNAME", f"{d}.")
+    append_record(f"www.{d}.", "CNAME", f"{d}.")
    lines.append(remote_data["dkim_entry"])
    lines.append("")
    lines.append("; Recommended DNS entries")
-    lines.append(f'{d}.  3600  IN  TXT  "v=spf1 a ~all"')
-    lines.append(f'_dmarc.{d}.  3600  IN  TXT  "v=DMARC1;p=reject;adkim=s;aspf=s"')
+    append_record(f"{d}.", "TXT", '"v=spf1 a ~all"')
+    append_record(f"_dmarc.{d}.", "TXT", '"v=DMARC1;p=reject;adkim=s;aspf=s"')
    if remote_data.get("acme_account_url"):
-        lines.append(
-            f"{d}.  3600  IN  CAA  0 issue"
-            f' "letsencrypt.org;accounturi={remote_data["acme_account_url"]}"'
+        append_record(
+            f"{d}.",
+            "CAA",
+            f'0 issue "letsencrypt.org;accounturi={remote_data["acme_account_url"]}"',
        )
-    lines.append(f'_adsp._domainkey.{d}.  3600  IN  TXT  "dkim=discardable"')
-    lines.append(f"_submission._tcp.{d}.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 587 {d}.")
-    lines.append(f"_submissions._tcp.{d}.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 465 {d}.")
-    lines.append(f"_imap._tcp.{d}.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 143 {d}.")
-    lines.append(f"_imaps._tcp.{d}.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 993 {d}.")
+    append_record(f"_adsp._domainkey.{d}.", "TXT", '"dkim=discardable"')
+    append_record(f"_submission._tcp.{d}.", "SRV", f"0 1 587 {d}.")
+    append_record(f"_submissions._tcp.{d}.", "SRV", f"0 1 465 {d}.")
+    append_record(f"_imap._tcp.{d}.", "SRV", f"0 1 143 {d}.")
+    append_record(f"_imaps._tcp.{d}.", "SRV", f"0 1 993 {d}.")
    lines.append("")
    return "\n".join(lines)

@@ -91,19 +90,19 @@ def check_full_zone(sshexec, remote_data, out, zonefile) -> int:
    if required_diff:
        out.red("Please set required DNS entries at your DNS provider:\n")
        for line in required_diff:
-            out.print(line)
-        out.print()
+            out(line)
+        out("")
        returncode = 1
    if remote_data.get("dkim_entry") in required_diff:
-        out.print(
+        out(
            "If the DKIM entry above does not work with your DNS provider,"
            " you can try this one:\n"
        )
-        out.print(remote_data.get("web_dkim_entry") + "\n")
+        out(remote_data.get("web_dkim_entry") + "\n")
    if recommended_diff:
-        out.print("WARNING: these recommended DNS entries are not set:\n")
+        out("WARNING: these recommended DNS entries are not set:\n")
        for line in recommended_diff:
-            out.print(line)
+            out(line)

    if not (recommended_diff or required_diff):
        out.green("Great! All your DNS entries are verified and correct.")
@@ -1,20 +1,32 @@
+import io
 import urllib.request

 from chatmaild.config import Config
 from pyinfra import host
+from pyinfra.facts.deb import DebPackages
 from pyinfra.facts.server import Arch, Command, Sysctl
-from pyinfra.facts.systemd import SystemdEnabled
-from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server, systemd
+from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server

 from cmdeploy.basedeploy import (
    Deployer,
    activate_remote_units,
    blocked_service_startup,
    configure_remote_units,
-    get_resource,
-    has_systemd,
+    is_in_container,
 )

+DOVECOT_ARCHIVE_VERSION = "2.3.21+dfsg1-3"
+DOVECOT_PACKAGE_VERSION = f"1:{DOVECOT_ARCHIVE_VERSION}"
+
+DOVECOT_SHA256 = {
+    ("core", "amd64"): "dd060706f52a306fa863d874717210b9fe10536c824afe1790eec247ded5b27d",
+    ("core", "arm64"): "e7548e8a82929722e973629ecc40fcfa886894cef3db88f23535149e7f730dc9",
+    ("imapd", "amd64"): "8d8dc6fc00bbb6cdb25d345844f41ce2f1c53f764b79a838eb2a03103eebfa86",
+    ("imapd", "arm64"): "178fa877ddd5df9930e8308b518f4b07df10e759050725f8217a0c1fb3fd707f",
+    ("lmtpd", "amd64"): "2f69ba5e35363de50962d42cccbfe4ed8495265044e244007d7ccddad77513ab",
+    ("lmtpd", "arm64"): "89f52fb36524f5877a177dff4a713ba771fd3f91f22ed0af7238d495e143b38f",
+}
+

 class DovecotDeployer(Deployer):
    daemon_reload = False
@@ -22,38 +34,63 @@ class DovecotDeployer(Deployer):
    def __init__(self, config, disable_mail):
        self.config = config
        self.disable_mail = disable_mail
-        self.units = ["doveauth"]
+        self.units = []

    def install(self):
        arch = host.get_fact(Arch)
-        if has_systemd() and "dovecot.service" in host.get_fact(SystemdEnabled):
-            return  # already installed and running
-
        with blocked_service_startup():
-            _install_dovecot_package("core", arch)
-            _install_dovecot_package("imapd", arch)
-            _install_dovecot_package("lmtpd", arch)
+            debs = []
+            for pkg in ("core", "imapd", "lmtpd"):
+                deb, changed = _download_dovecot_package(pkg, arch)
+                self.need_restart |= changed
+                if deb:
+                    debs.append(deb)
+            if debs:
+                deb_list = " ".join(debs)
+                # First dpkg may fail on missing dependencies (stderr suppressed);
+                # apt-get --fix-broken pulls them in, then dpkg retries cleanly.
+                server.shell(
+                    name="Install dovecot packages",
+                    commands=[
+                        f"dpkg --force-confdef --force-confold -i {deb_list} 2> /dev/null || true",
+                        "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --fix-broken install",
+                        f"dpkg --force-confdef --force-confold -i {deb_list}",
+                    ],
+                )
+                self.need_restart = True
+        self.put_file(
+            src=io.StringIO(
+                "Package: dovecot-*\n"
+                "Pin: version *\n"
+                "Pin-Priority: -1\n"
+            ),
+            dest="/etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-dovecot",
+        )

    def configure(self):
-        configure_remote_units(self.config.mail_domain, self.units)
-        self.need_restart, self.daemon_reload = _configure_dovecot(self.config)
+        configure_remote_units(self, self.config.mail_domain_bare, self.units)
+        _configure_dovecot(self, self.config)

    def activate(self):
-        activate_remote_units(self.units)
+        activate_remote_units(self, self.units)

-        restart = False if self.disable_mail else self.need_restart
+        # Detect stale binary: package installed but service still runs old (deleted) binary.
+        if not self.disable_mail and not self.need_restart:
+            stale = host.get_fact(
+                Command,
+                'pid=$(systemctl show -p MainPID --value dovecot.service 2>/dev/null);'
+                ' [ "${pid:-0}" != "0" ] && readlink "/proc/$pid/exe" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "(deleted)"'
+                " && echo STALE || true",
+            )
+            if stale == "STALE":
+                self.need_restart = True

-        systemd.service(
-            name="Disable dovecot for now"
-            if self.disable_mail
-            else "Start and enable Dovecot",
-            service="dovecot.service",
-            running=False if self.disable_mail else True,
-            enabled=False if self.disable_mail else True,
-            restarted=restart,
-            daemon_reload=self.daemon_reload,
+        active = not self.disable_mail
+        self.ensure_service(
+            "dovecot.service",
+            running=active,
+            enabled=active,
        )
-        self.need_restart = False


 def _pick_url(primary, fallback):
@@ -65,86 +102,63 @@ def _pick_url(primary, fallback):
        return fallback


-def _install_dovecot_package(package: str, arch: str):
+def _download_dovecot_package(package: str, arch: str) -> tuple[str | None, bool]:
+    """Download a dovecot .deb if needed, return (path, changed)."""
    arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else arch
    arch = "arm64" if arch == "aarch64" else arch
-    primary_url = f"https://download.delta.chat/dovecot/dovecot-{package}_2.3.21%2Bdfsg1-3_{arch}.deb"
-    fallback_url = f"https://github.com/chatmail/dovecot/releases/download/upstream%2F2.3.21%2Bdfsg1/dovecot-{package}_2.3.21%2Bdfsg1-3_{arch}.deb"
-    url = _pick_url(primary_url, fallback_url)
-    deb_filename = "/root/" + url.split("/")[-1]

-    match (package, arch):
-        case ("core", "amd64"):
-            sha256 = "dd060706f52a306fa863d874717210b9fe10536c824afe1790eec247ded5b27d"
-        case ("core", "arm64"):
-            sha256 = "e7548e8a82929722e973629ecc40fcfa886894cef3db88f23535149e7f730dc9"
-        case ("imapd", "amd64"):
-            sha256 = "8d8dc6fc00bbb6cdb25d345844f41ce2f1c53f764b79a838eb2a03103eebfa86"
-        case ("imapd", "arm64"):
-            sha256 = "178fa877ddd5df9930e8308b518f4b07df10e759050725f8217a0c1fb3fd707f"
-        case ("lmtpd", "amd64"):
-            sha256 = "2f69ba5e35363de50962d42cccbfe4ed8495265044e244007d7ccddad77513ab"
-        case ("lmtpd", "arm64"):
-            sha256 = "89f52fb36524f5877a177dff4a713ba771fd3f91f22ed0af7238d495e143b38f"
-        case _:
-            apt.packages(packages=[f"dovecot-{package}"])
-            return
+    pkg_name = f"dovecot-{package}"
+    sha256 = DOVECOT_SHA256.get((package, arch))
+    if sha256 is None:
+        op = apt.packages(packages=[pkg_name])
+        return None, bool(getattr(op, "changed", False))
+
+    installed_versions = host.get_fact(DebPackages).get(pkg_name, [])
+    if DOVECOT_PACKAGE_VERSION in installed_versions:
+        return None, False
+
+    url_version = DOVECOT_ARCHIVE_VERSION.replace("+", "%2B")
+    deb_base = f"{pkg_name}_{url_version}_{arch}.deb"
+    primary_url = f"https://download.delta.chat/dovecot/{deb_base}"
+    fallback_url = f"https://github.com/chatmail/dovecot/releases/download/upstream%2F{url_version}/{deb_base}"
+    url = _pick_url(primary_url, fallback_url)
+    deb_filename = f"/root/{deb_base}"

    files.download(
-        name=f"Download dovecot-{package}",
+        name=f"Download {pkg_name}",
        src=url,
        dest=deb_filename,
        sha256sum=sha256,
        cache_time=60 * 60 * 24 * 365 * 10,  # never redownload the package
    )

-    apt.deb(name=f"Install dovecot-{package}", src=deb_filename)
+    return deb_filename, True

-
-def _configure_dovecot(config: Config, debug: bool = False) -> (bool, bool):
+def _configure_dovecot(deployer, config: Config, debug: bool = False):
    """Configures Dovecot IMAP server."""
-    need_restart = False
-    daemon_reload = False
-
-    main_config = files.template(
-        src=get_resource("dovecot/dovecot.conf.j2"),
-        dest="/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf",
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-        mode="644",
+    deployer.put_template(
+        "dovecot/dovecot.conf.j2",
+        "/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf",
        config=config,
        debug=debug,
        disable_ipv6=config.disable_ipv6,
    )
-    need_restart |= main_config.changed
-    auth_config = files.put(
-        src=get_resource("dovecot/auth.conf"),
-        dest="/etc/dovecot/auth.conf",
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-        mode="644",
+    deployer.put_file("dovecot/auth.conf", "/etc/dovecot/auth.conf")
+    deployer.put_file(
+        "dovecot/push_notification.lua", "/etc/dovecot/push_notification.lua"
    )
-    need_restart |= auth_config.changed
-    lua_push_notification_script = files.put(
-        src=get_resource("dovecot/push_notification.lua"),
-        dest="/etc/dovecot/push_notification.lua",
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-        mode="644",
-    )
-    need_restart |= lua_push_notification_script.changed

    # as per https://doc.dovecot.org/2.3/configuration_manual/os/
    # it is recommended to set the following inotify limits
-    can_modify = host.get_fact(Command, "systemd-detect-virt -c || true") == "none"
+    can_modify = not is_in_container()
    for name in ("max_user_instances", "max_user_watches"):
        key = f"fs.inotify.{name}"
-        value = host.get_fact(Sysctl)[key]
+        value = host.get_fact(Sysctl).get(key, 0)
        if value > 65534:
            continue
        if not can_modify:
            print(
-                "\n!!!! refusing to attempt sysctl setting in shared-kernel containers\n"
+                "\n!!!! refusing to attempt sysctl setting in containers\n"
                f"!!!! dovecot: sysctl {key!r}={value}, should be >65534 for production setups\n"
                "!!!!"
            )
@@ -156,25 +170,20 @@ def _configure_dovecot(config: Config, debug: bool = False) -> (bool, bool):
            persist=True,
        )

-    timezone_env = files.line(
+    deployer.ensure_line(
        name="Set TZ environment variable",
        path="/etc/environment",
        line="TZ=:/etc/localtime",
    )
-    need_restart |= timezone_env.changed

-    restart_conf = files.put(
-        name="dovecot: restart automatically on failure",
-        src=get_resource("service/10_restart.conf"),
-        dest="/etc/systemd/system/dovecot.service.d/10_restart.conf",
+    deployer.put_file(
+        "service/10_restart_on_failure.conf",
+        "/etc/systemd/system/dovecot.service.d/10_restart.conf",
    )
-    daemon_reload |= restart_conf.changed

    # Validate dovecot configuration before restart
-    if need_restart:
+    if deployer.need_restart:
        server.shell(
            name="Validate dovecot configuration",
            commands=["doveconf -n >/dev/null"],
        )
-
-    return need_restart, daemon_reload
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ listen = 0.0.0.0
 protocols = imap lmtp

 auth_mechanisms = plain
+auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@[]

 {% if debug == true %}
 auth_verbose = yes
@@ -36,11 +37,15 @@ default_client_limit = 20000
 # the following warning will be logged:
 #   Warning: service(imap): process_limit (1024) reached, client connections are being dropped
 service imap {
-  process_limit = 50000
+  process_limit = {{ config.max_imap_connections }}
 }

-mail_server_admin = mailto:root@{{ config.mail_domain }}
-mail_server_comment = Chatmail server
+{% if config.privacy_mail %}
+# Advertised to clients as IMAP METADATA /shared/admin (RFC 5464).
+# The privacy_mail contact from chatmail.ini is used because it is
+# the only address set by an operator.
+mail_server_admin = mailto:{{ config.privacy_mail }}
+{% endif %}

 # `zlib` enables compressing messages stored in the maildir.
 # See
@@ -133,6 +138,11 @@ protocol lmtp {
  # mail_lua and push_notification_lua are needed for Lua push notification handler.
  # <https://doc.dovecot.org/2.3/configuration_manual/push_notification/#configuration>
  mail_plugins = $mail_plugins mail_lua notify push_notification push_notification_lua
+
+  # Disable fsync for LMTP. May lose delivered message,
+  # but unlikely to cause problems with multiple relays.
+  # https://doc.dovecot.org/2.3/admin_manual/mailbox_formats/#fsyncing
+  mail_fsync = never
 }

 plugin {
@@ -144,12 +154,26 @@ plugin {
 }

 plugin {
-  # for now we define static quota-rules for all users 
  quota = maildir:User quota
-  quota_rule = *:storage={{ config.max_mailbox_size }}
  quota_max_mail_size={{ config.max_message_size }}
  quota_grace = 0
-  # quota_over_flag_value = TRUE
+
+  quota_rule = *:storage={{ config.max_mailbox_size_mb }}M
+
+  # Trigger at 75%% of quota, expire oldest messages down to 70%%.
+  # The percentages are chosen to prevent current Delta Chat users
+  # from seeing "quota warnings" which trigger at 80% and 95%.
+
+  quota_warning = storage=75%% quota-warning {{ config.max_mailbox_size_mb * 70 // 100 }} {{ config.mailboxes_dir }}/%u
+}
+
+service quota-warning {
+  executable = script /usr/local/lib/chatmaild/venv/bin/chatmail-quota-expire
+  user = vmail
+  unix_listener quota-warning {
+     user = vmail
+     mode = 0600
+  }
 }

 # push_notification configuration
@@ -252,6 +276,9 @@ protocol imap {
  # sort -sn <(sed 's/ / C: /' *.in) <(sed 's/ / S: /' cat *.out)

  rawlog_dir = %h 
+
+  # Disable fsync for IMAP. May lose IMAP changes like setting flags. 
+  mail_fsync = never
 } 
 {% endif %}

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
-import io
-
 from pyinfra import host
 from pyinfra.facts.files import File
-from pyinfra.operations import files, systemd

-from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer, get_resource
+from ..basedeploy import Deployer


 class ExternalTlsDeployer(Deployer):
@@ -23,45 +20,22 @@ class ExternalTlsDeployer(Deployer):
    def configure(self):
        # Verify cert and key exist on the remote host using pyinfra facts.
        for path in (self.cert_path, self.key_path):
-            info = host.get_fact(File, path=path)
-            if info is None:
+            if host.get_fact(File, path=path) is None:
                raise Exception(f"External TLS file not found on server: {path}")

-        # Deploy the .path unit (templated with the cert path).
-        # pkg=__package__ is required here because the resource files
-        # live in cmdeploy.external, not the default cmdeploy package.
-        source = get_resource("tls-cert-reload.path.f", pkg=__package__)
-        content = source.read_text().format(cert_path=self.cert_path).encode()
-
-        path_unit = files.put(
-            name="Upload tls-cert-reload.path",
-            src=io.BytesIO(content),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/tls-cert-reload.path",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.ensure_systemd_unit(
+            "external/tls-cert-reload.path.j2",
+            cert_path=self.cert_path,
        )
-
-        service_unit = files.put(
-            name="Upload tls-cert-reload.service",
-            src=get_resource("tls-cert-reload.service", pkg=__package__),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/tls-cert-reload.service",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.ensure_systemd_unit(
+            "external/tls-cert-reload.service",
        )

-        if path_unit.changed or service_unit.changed:
-            self.need_restart = True
-
    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Enable tls-cert-reload path watcher",
-            service="tls-cert-reload.path",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-            restarted=self.need_restart,
-            daemon_reload=self.need_restart,
-        )
        # No explicit reload needed here: dovecot/nginx read the cert
        # on startup, and the .path watcher handles live changes.
+        self.ensure_service(
+            "tls-cert-reload.path",
+            running=True,
+            enabled=True,
+        )
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 Description=Watch TLS certificate for changes

 [Path]
-PathChanged={cert_path}
+PathChanged={{ cert_path }}

 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
@@ -1,52 +1,40 @@
-from pyinfra import facts, host
-from pyinfra.operations import files, systemd
+import os

-from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer, get_resource
+from pyinfra import facts, host
+
+from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer


 class FiltermailDeployer(Deployer):
-    services = ["filtermail", "filtermail-incoming"]
+    services = ["filtermail", "filtermail-incoming", "filtermail-transport"]
    bin_path = "/usr/local/bin/filtermail"
    config_path = "/usr/local/lib/chatmaild/chatmail.ini"

-    def __init__(self):
-        self.need_restart = False
-
    def install(self):
+        local_bin = os.environ.get("CHATMAIL_FILTERMAIL_BINARY")
+        if local_bin:
+            self.put_executable(
+                src=local_bin,
+                dest=self.bin_path,
+            )
+            return
+
        arch = host.get_fact(facts.server.Arch)
-        url = f"https://github.com/chatmail/filtermail/releases/download/v0.6.0/filtermail-{arch}"
+        url = f"https://github.com/chatmail/filtermail/releases/download/v0.7.4/filtermail-{arch}"
        sha256sum = {
-            "x86_64": "3fd8b18282252c75a5bbfa603d8c1b65f6563e5e920bddf3e64e451b7cdb43ce",
-            "aarch64": "2bd191de205f7fd60158dd8e3516ab7e3efb14627696f3d7dc186bdcd9e10a43",
+            "x86_64": "484cb8dff083134aefba9fce4a6b7ef4784a0f0e28e5108ecf8bb9e58a44fd2c",
+            "aarch64": "66aa0ca2ca9add7a12d92883d76f8786384092adfde24a3d3a1d0b1f30d23a9e",
        }[arch]
-        self.need_restart |= files.download(
-            name="Download filtermail",
-            src=url,
-            sha256sum=sha256sum,
-            dest=self.bin_path,
-            mode="755",
-        ).changed
+        self.download_executable(url, self.bin_path, sha256sum)

    def configure(self):
        for service in self.services:
-            self.need_restart |= files.template(
-                src=get_resource(f"filtermail/{service}.service.j2"),
-                dest=f"/etc/systemd/system/{service}.service",
-                user="root",
-                group="root",
-                mode="644",
+            self.ensure_systemd_unit(
+                f"filtermail/{service}.service.j2",
                bin_path=self.bin_path,
                config_path=self.config_path,
-            ).changed
+            )

    def activate(self):
        for service in self.services:
-            systemd.service(
-                name=f"Start and enable {service}",
-                service=f"{service}.service",
-                running=True,
-                enabled=True,
-                restarted=self.need_restart,
-                daemon_reload=True,
-            )
-        self.need_restart = False
+            self.ensure_service(f"{service}.service")
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Chatmail transport service
+
+[Service]
+ExecStart={{ bin_path }} {{ config_path }} transport
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=30
+User=vmail
+LimitNOFILE=524288
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
@@ -1,475 +0,0 @@
-"""lxc-start/stop/status/test subcommands for testing with local containers."""
-
-import os
-import time
-
-from ..util import get_git_hash, get_version_string, shell
-from .incus import RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS, Incus, RelayContainer
-
-RELAY_NAMES = ("test0", "test1")
-
-
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-# lxc-start
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def lxc_start_cmd_options(parser):
-    _add_name_args(
-        parser,
-        help_text="User relay name(s) to create (default: test0).",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--ipv4-only",
-        dest="ipv4_only",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Create an IPv4-only container.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--run",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Run 'cmdeploy run' on each container after starting it.",
-    )
-
-
-def lxc_start_cmd(args, out):
-    """Create/Ensure and start LXC relay and DNS containers."""
-
-    with out.section("Preparing container setup"):
-        _lxc_start_cmd(args, out)
-
-
-def _lxc_start_cmd(args, out):
-    ix = Incus(out)
-    sub = out.new_prefixed_out()
-    out.green("Ensuring base image ...")
-    ix.ensure_base_image()
-    out.green("Ensuring DNS container (ns-localchat) ...")
-    dns_ct = ix.get_dns_container()
-    dns_ct.ensure()
-    sub.print(f"DNS container IP: {dns_ct.ipv4}")
-
-    names = args.names if args.names else RELAY_NAMES
-    relays = list(ix.get_container(n) for n in names)
-    for ct in relays:
-        out.green(f"Ensuring container {ct.name!r} ({ct.domain}) ...")
-        ct.ensure()
-        ip = ct.ipv4
-
-        sub.print("Configuring container hostname ...")
-        ct.configure_hosts(ip)
-
-        sub.print(f"Writing {ct.ini.name} ...")
-        ct.write_ini(disable_ipv6=args.ipv4_only)
-        sub.print(f"Config: {ct.ini}")
-        if args.ipv4_only:
-            ct.disable_ipv6()
-            ipv6 = None
-        else:
-            output = ct.bash(
-                "ip -6 addr show scope global -deprecated"
-                " | grep -oP '(?<=inet6 )[^/]+'",
-                check=False,
-            )
-            ipv6 = output.strip() if output else None
-        sub.print(f"{_format_addrs(ip, ipv6)}")
-
-        sub.green(f"Container {ct.name!r} ready: {ct.domain} -> {ip}")
-        out.print()
-
-    # Reset DNS zones only for the containers we just started
-    started_cnames = {ct.name for ct in relays}
-    managed = ix.list_managed()
-    started = [c for c in managed if c["name"] in started_cnames]
-
-    if started:
-        out.print(
-            f"Resetting DNS zones for {len(started)} domain(s) (A + AAAA records) ..."
-        )
-        dns_ct.reset_dns_records(dns_ct.ipv4, started)
-
-        for ct in relays:
-            if ct.name in started_cnames:
-                sub.print(f"Configuring DNS in {ct.name} ...")
-                ct.configure_dns(dns_ct.ipv4)
-
-    # Generate the unified SSH config
-    out.green("Writing ssh-config ...")
-    ssh_cfg = ix.write_ssh_config()
-    sub.print(f"{ssh_cfg}")
-
-    # Verify SSH via the generated config
-    for ct in relays:
-        sub.print(f"Verifying SSH to {ct.name} via ssh-config ...")
-        if ct.verify_ssh(ssh_cfg):
-            sub.print(f"SSH OK: ssh -F lxconfigs/ssh-config {ct.domain}")
-        else:
-            sub.red(f"WARNING: SSH verification failed for {ct.name}")
-
-    # Print integration suggestions
-    ssh_cfg = ix.ssh_config_path
-    if not ix.check_ssh_include():
-        sub.green(
-            "\n(Optional) To use containers from any SSH client, add to ~/.ssh/config:"
-        )
-        sub.green(f"    Include {ssh_cfg}")
-
-    # Optionally run cmdeploy run + dns on each relay
-    if args.run:
-        for ct in relays:
-            with out.section(f"cmdeploy run: {ct.sname} ({ct.domain})"):
-                ret = _run_cmdeploy("run", ct, ix, out, extra=["--skip-dns-check"])
-                if ret:
-                    out.red(f"Deploy to {ct.sname} failed (exit {ret})")
-                    return ret
-
-        with out.section("loading DNS zones"):
-            for ct in relays:
-                ret = _run_cmdeploy(
-                    "dns", ct, ix, out,
-                    extra=["--zonefile", str(ct.zone)],
-                )
-                if ret:
-                    out.red(f"DNS for {ct.sname} failed (exit {ret})")
-                    return ret
-                if ct.zone.exists():
-                    dns_ct.set_dns_records(ct.zone.read_text())
-                out.print(f"Restarting filtermail-incoming on {ct.name}")
-                ct.bash("systemctl restart filtermail-incoming")
-
-
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-# lxc-stop
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def lxc_stop_cmd_options(parser):
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--destroy",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Delete containers and their config files after stopping.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--destroy-all",
-        dest="destroy_all",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Like --destroy, but also remove the ns-localchat DNS container.",
-    )
-    _add_name_args(
-        parser,
-        help_text="Container name(s) to stop (default: test0 + test1).",
-    )
-
-
-def lxc_stop_cmd(args, out):
-    """Stop (and optionally destroy) local LXC relay containers."""
-    ix = Incus(out)
-    names = args.names or RELAY_NAMES
-    destroy = args.destroy or args.destroy_all
-
-    for ct in map(ix.get_container, names):
-        if destroy:
-            out.green(f"Destroying container {ct.name!r} ...")
-            ct.destroy()
-        else:
-            out.green(f"Stopping container {ct.name!r} ...")
-            ct.stop(force=True)
-
-    if args.destroy_all:
-        dns_ct = ix.get_dns_container()
-        out.green(f"Destroying DNS container {dns_ct.name!r} ...")
-        dns_ct.destroy()
-        ix.delete_images()
-
-    if destroy:
-        ix.write_ssh_config()
-        out.green("LXC containers destroyed.")
-    else:
-        out.green("LXC containers stopped.")
-
-
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-# lxc-test
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def lxc_test_cmd_options(parser):
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--one",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Only deploy and test against test0 (skip test1).",
-    )
-
-
-def lxc_test_cmd(args, out):
-    """Run full LXC pipeline: start, deploy, DNS, zone files, and tests.
-
-    All commands run directly on the host using
-    ``--ssh-config lxconfigs/ssh-config`` for SSH access.
-    """
-    ix = Incus(out)
-    t_total = time.time()
-    relay_names = list(RELAY_NAMES)
-    if args.one:
-        relay_names = relay_names[:1]
-
-    local_hash = get_git_hash()
-
-    # Per-relay: start, deploy, then snapshot the first relay as a
-    # reusable image so the second relay launches pre-deployed.
-    ipv4_only_flags = {RELAY_NAMES[0]: False, RELAY_NAMES[1]: True}
-
-    for ct in map(ix.get_container, relay_names):
-        name = ct.sname
-        ipv4_only = ipv4_only_flags.get(name, False)
-        v_flag = " -" + "v" * out.verbosity if out.verbosity > 0 else ""
-        start_cmd = f"cmdeploy lxc-start{v_flag} {name}"
-        if ipv4_only:
-            start_cmd += " --ipv4-only"
-        with out.section(f"cmdeploy lxc-start: {name}"):
-            ret = out.shell(start_cmd, cwd=str(ix.project_root))
-            if ret:
-                return ret
-
-        status = _deploy_status(ct, local_hash, ix)
-        with out.section(f"cmdeploy run: {name}"):
-            if "IN-SYNC" in status:
-                out.print(f"{name} is {status}, skipping")
-            else:
-                ret = _run_cmdeploy("run", ct, ix, out, extra=["--skip-dns-check"])
-                if ret:
-                    out.red(f"Deploy to {name} failed (exit {ret})")
-                    return ret
-
-        # Snapshot the first relay so subsequent ones launch pre-deployed
-        if not ix.find_image([RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS]):
-            with out.section("lxc-test: caching relay image"):
-                ct.publish_as_relay_image()
-
-    for ct in map(ix.get_container, relay_names):
-        with out.section(f"cmdeploy dns: {ct.sname} ({ct.domain})"):
-            ret = _run_cmdeploy("dns", ct, ix, out, extra=["--zonefile", str(ct.zone)])
-            if ret:
-                out.red(f"DNS for {ct.sname} failed (exit {ret})")
-                return ret
-
-    with out.section(f"lxc-test: loading DNS zones {' & '.join(relay_names)}"):
-        dns_ct = ix.get_dns_container()
-        for ct in map(ix.get_container, relay_names):
-            if ct.zone.exists():
-                zone_data = ct.zone.read_text()
-                out.print(f"Loading {ct.zone} into PowerDNS ...")
-                dns_ct.set_dns_records(zone_data)
-
-        # Restart filtermail so its in-process DNS cache
-        # does not hold stale negative DKIM responses
-        # from before the zones were loaded.
-        for ct in map(ix.get_container, relay_names):
-            out.print(f"Restarting filtermail-incoming on {ct.name} ...")
-            ct.bash("systemctl restart filtermail-incoming")
-
-    with out.section("cmdeploy test"):
-        first = ix.get_container(relay_names[0])
-        env = None
-        if len(relay_names) > 1:
-            env = os.environ.copy()
-            env["CHATMAIL_DOMAIN2"] = ix.get_container(relay_names[1]).domain
-        ret = _run_cmdeploy("test", first, ix, out, **({"env": env} if env else {}))
-        if ret:
-            out.red(f"Tests failed (exit {ret})")
-            return ret
-
-    elapsed = time.time() - t_total
-    out.section_line(f"lxc-test complete ({elapsed:.1f}s)")
-    if out.section_timings:
-        out.print("Section timings:")
-        for name, secs in out.section_timings:
-            out.print(f"  {name:.<50s} {secs:5.1f}s")
-        out.print(f"  {'total':.<50s} {elapsed:5.1f}s")
-    out.section_timings.clear()
-    return 0
-
-
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-# lxc-status
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def lxc_status_cmd_options(parser):
-    pass
-
-
-def lxc_status_cmd(args, out):
-    """Show status of local LXC chatmail containers."""
-    ix = Incus(out)
-    containers = ix.list_managed()
-    if not containers:
-        out.red("No LXC containers found.  Run 'cmdeploy lxc-start' first.")
-        return 1
-
-    local_hash = get_git_hash()
-
-    # Get storage pool path for display
-    storage_path = None
-    data = ix.run_json(["storage", "show", "default"], check=False)
-    if data:
-        storage_path = data.get("config", {}).get("source")
-    msg = "Container status"
-    if storage_path:
-        msg += f": {storage_path}"
-    out.section_line(msg)
-
-    dns_ip = None
-    for c in containers:
-        _print_container_status(out, c, ix, local_hash)
-        if c["name"] == ix.get_dns_container().name:
-            dns_ip = c["ip"]
-
-    out.section_line("Host ssh and DNS configuration")
-    _print_ssh_status(out, ix)
-    _print_dns_forwarding_status(out, dns_ip)
-    return 0
-
-
-def _print_container_status(out, c, ix, local_hash):
-    """Print name/status, domain/IPs, and RAM for one container."""
-    cname = c["name"]
-    is_running = c.get("status") == "Running"
-    ct = ix.get_container(cname)
-
-    # First line: name + running/STOPPED + deploy status
-    if not is_running:
-        tag = "STOPPED"
-    elif not isinstance(ct, RelayContainer):
-        tag = "running"
-    else:
-        tag = f"running {_deploy_status(ct, local_hash, ix)}"
-    out.print(f"{cname:20s} {tag}")
-
-    # Second line: domain, IPv4, IPv6
-    domain = c.get("domain", "")
-    ip = c.get("ip") or "?"
-    ipv6 = c.get("ipv6")
-    out.print(f"{domain:20s} {_format_addrs(ip, ipv6)}")
-
-    # Third line: RAM (RSS), config
-    detail_out = out.new_prefixed_out(" " * 21)
-    try:
-        used, total = ct.rss_mib()
-    except Exception:
-        ram_str = "RSS ?"
-    else:
-        ram_str = f"RSS {used}/{total} MiB ({used * 100 // total}%)"
-
-    if isinstance(ct, RelayContainer):
-        detail = f"{ram_str}, config: {os.path.relpath(ct.ini)}"
-    else:
-        detail = ram_str
-
-    detail_out.print(detail)
-    out.print()
-
-
-def _print_ssh_status(out, ix):
-    """Print SSH integration status."""
-    ssh_cfg = ix.ssh_config_path
-    if ix.check_ssh_include():
-        out.green("SSH: ~/.ssh/config includes lxconfigs/ssh-config ✓")
-    else:
-        out.red("SSH: ~/.ssh/config does NOT include lxconfigs/ssh-config")
-        sub = out.new_prefixed_out()
-        sub.print("Add to ~/.ssh/config:")
-        sub.print(f"    Include {ssh_cfg}")
-
-
-def _print_dns_forwarding_status(out, dns_ip):
-    """Print host DNS forwarding status for .localchat."""
-    sub = out.new_prefixed_out()
-    if not dns_ip:
-        out.red("DNS: ns-localchat container not found")
-        return
-    try:
-        rv = shell("resolvectl status incusbr0")
-        dns_ok = dns_ip in rv.stdout and "localchat" in rv.stdout
-    except Exception:
-        dns_ok = None
-    if dns_ok is True:
-        out.green(f"DNS: .localchat forwarding to {dns_ip} ✓")
-    elif dns_ok is False:
-        out.red("DNS: .localchat forwarding NOT configured")
-        sub.print("Run:")
-        sub.print(f"    sudo resolvectl dns incusbr0 {dns_ip}")
-        sub.print("    sudo resolvectl domain incusbr0 ~localchat")
-    else:
-        sub.print("DNS: .localchat forwarding status UNKNOWN")
-
-
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Internal helpers
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def _format_addrs(ip, ipv6=None):
-    parts = [f"IPv4 {ip}"]
-    if ipv6:
-        parts.append(f"IPv6 {ipv6}")
-    return ", ".join(parts)
-
-
-def _deploy_status(ct, local_hash, ix):
-    """Return a human-readable deploy status string.
-
-    Compares the full deployed version (hash + diff) against
-    the local state built by :func:`~cmdeploy.util.get_version_string`.
-    """
-    deployed = ct.deployed_version()
-    if deployed is None:
-        return "NOT DEPLOYED"
-
-    # A container launched from the relay image has the same
-    # git hash but a different domain — always redeploy.
-    deployed_domain = ct.deployed_domain()
-    if deployed_domain and deployed_domain != ct.domain:
-        return f"DOMAIN-MISMATCH (deployed: {deployed_domain})"
-
-    deployed_lines = deployed.splitlines()
-    deployed_hash = deployed_lines[0] if deployed_lines else ""
-    short = deployed_hash[:12]
-
-    if not local_hash:
-        return f"UNKNOWN (deployed: {short})"
-
-    local_short = local_hash[:12]
-    if deployed_hash != local_hash:
-        return f"STALE (deployed: {short}, local: {local_short})"
-
-    # Hash matches — check for uncommitted diffs
-    local_version = get_version_string()
-    if deployed != local_version:
-        return f"DIRTY ({local_short}, undeployed changes)"
-
-    return f"IN-SYNC ({short})"
-
-
-def _add_name_args(parser, help_text):
-    parser.add_argument("names", nargs="*", metavar="NAME", help=help_text)
-
-
-def _run_cmdeploy(subcmd, ct, ix, out, extra=None, **kwargs):
-    """Run ``cmdeploy <subcmd>`` with standard --config/--ssh flags.
-
-    *ct* is a Container (uses ``ct.ini`` and ``ct.domain``).
-    Returns the subprocess exit code.
-    """
-    extra_str = " ".join(extra) if extra else ""
-    v_flag = " -" + "v" * out.verbosity if out.verbosity > 0 else ""
-    cmd = f"""
-        cmdeploy {subcmd}{v_flag}
-        --config {ct.ini}
-        --ssh-config {ix.ssh_config_path}
-        --ssh-host {ct.domain}
-        {extra_str}
-    """
-    if "cwd" not in kwargs:
-        kwargs["cwd"] = str(ix.project_root)
-    return out.shell(cmd, **kwargs)
@@ -1,768 +0,0 @@
-"""Core Incus operations for local chatmail LXC containers."""
-
-import json
-import subprocess
-import textwrap
-import time
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from ..util import shell
-
-LABEL_KEY = "user.localchat-managed"
-SSH_KEY_NAME = "id_localchat"
-DOMAIN_SUFFIX = ".localchat"
-UPSTREAM_IMAGE = "images:debian/12"
-BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS = "localchat-base"
-BASE_SETUP_NAME = "localchat-base-setup"
-RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS = "localchat-relay"
-
-DNS_CONTAINER_NAME = "ns-localchat"
-DNS_DOMAIN = "ns.localchat"
-
-
-class DNSConfigurationError(Exception):
-    """Raised when the DNS container is not reachable or not answering."""
-
-
-def _extract_ip(net_data, family="inet"):
-    """Extract the first global-scope IP of *family* from network state data.
-
-    *net_data* is the ``state.network`` dict from ``incus list --format=json``.
-    *family* is ``"inet"`` for IPv4 or ``"inet6"`` for IPv6.
-    Returns the address string, or None.
-    """
-    for iface_name, iface in net_data.items():
-        if iface_name == "lo":
-            continue
-        for addr in iface.get("addresses", []):
-            if addr["family"] == family and addr["scope"] == "global":
-                return addr["address"]
-    return None
-
-
-class Incus:
-    """Gateway for all Incus container operations.
-
-    Instantiated once per CLI command and passed around so that
-    all modules share a single entry point for Incus interactions.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, out):
-        self.out = out
-        self.project_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent.parent.parent
-        self.lxconfigs_dir = self.project_root / "lxconfigs"
-        self.lxconfigs_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-        self.ssh_key_path = self.lxconfigs_dir / SSH_KEY_NAME
-        if not self.ssh_key_path.exists():
-            shell(
-                f"ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f {self.ssh_key_path} -N '' -C localchat",
-                check=True,
-            )
-        self.ssh_config_path = self.lxconfigs_dir / "ssh-config"
-
-    def write_ssh_config(self):
-        """Write ``lxconfigs/ssh-config`` mapping all containers to their IPs.
-
-        Each Host block maps the container name, the domain name, and the
-        short relay name (e.g. ``_test0``) to the container's IP, using the
-        shared localchat SSH key.  Returns the path to the file.
-        """
-        containers = self.list_managed()
-        key_path = self.ssh_key_path
-        lines = ["# Auto-generated by cmdeploy lxc-start — do not edit\n"]
-        for c in containers:
-            hosts = [c["name"]]
-            domain = c.get("domain", "")
-            if domain and domain != c["name"]:
-                hosts.append(domain)
-                short = domain.split(".")[0]
-                if short and short not in hosts:
-                    hosts.append(short)
-            lines.append(f"\nHost {' '.join(hosts)}\n")
-            lines.append(f"    Hostname {c['ip']}\n")
-            lines.append("    User root\n")
-            lines.append(f"    IdentityFile {key_path}\n")
-            lines.append("    IdentitiesOnly yes\n")
-            lines.append("    StrictHostKeyChecking accept-new\n")
-            lines.append("    UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null\n")
-            lines.append("    LogLevel ERROR\n")
-        path = self.ssh_config_path
-        path.write_text("".join(lines))
-        return path
-
-    def check_ssh_include(self):
-        """Check if the user's ~/.ssh/config already includes our ssh-config."""
-        user_ssh_config = Path.home() / ".ssh" / "config"
-        if not user_ssh_config.exists():
-            return False
-        lines = user_ssh_config.read_text().splitlines()
-        target = f"include {self.ssh_config_path}".lower()
-        return any(line.strip().lower() == target for line in lines)
-
-    def get_host_nameservers(self):
-        """Return upstream nameservers found on the host."""
-        ns = []
-        for path in ["/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf", "/etc/resolv.conf"]:
-            p = Path(path)
-            if p.exists():
-                for line in p.read_text().splitlines():
-                    if line.strip().startswith("nameserver "):
-                        addr = line.split()[1]
-                        if addr not in ("127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.53", "::1"):
-                            if addr not in ns:
-                                ns.append(addr)
-                if ns:
-                    break
-        return ns
-
-    def run(self, args, check=True, capture=True, input=None):
-        """Run an incus command.
-
-        When *capture* is True and *verbosity* >= 1, output is streamed
-        to the terminal line-by-line while also being captured for
-        later return via result.stdout.
-        """
-        cmd = ["incus", "--quiet"] + list(args)
-        sub = self.out.new_prefixed_out("  ")
-
-        if not capture:
-            # Simple case: let subprocess handle streams (no capture)
-            if self.out.verbosity >= 1:
-                sub.print(f"$ {' '.join(cmd)}")
-            return subprocess.run(
-                cmd, text=True, input=input, check=check, stdout=None, stderr=None
-            )
-
-        # Capture case: we may need to stream while capturing
-        if sub.verbosity >= 1:
-            cmd_lines = " ".join(cmd).splitlines()
-            sub.print(f"$ {cmd_lines.pop(0)}")
-            if sub.verbosity >= 2:
-                for line in cmd_lines:
-                    sub.print(f"  {line}")
-
-        proc = subprocess.Popen(
-            cmd,
-            text=True,
-            stdin=subprocess.PIPE if input else subprocess.DEVNULL,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-        )
-
-        stdout_lines = []
-        if input:
-            proc.stdin.write(input)
-            proc.stdin.close()
-
-        for line in proc.stdout:
-            stdout_lines.append(line)
-            if sub.verbosity >= 2:
-                sub.print(f"  > {line.rstrip()}")
-
-        stderr = proc.stderr.read()
-        ret = proc.wait()
-        stdout = "".join(stdout_lines)
-        if check and ret != 0:
-            full_output = stdout + stderr
-            for line in full_output.splitlines():
-                if sub.verbosity < 1:  # and we haven't printed it yet
-                    sub.red(line)
-            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(ret, cmd, output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
-
-        return subprocess.CompletedProcess(cmd, ret, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr)
-
-    def run_json(self, args, check=True):
-        """Run an incus command with ``--format=json``.
-
-        Returns the parsed JSON on success.
-        When *check* is True raises ``subprocess.CalledProcessError``
-        on non-zero exit; when False returns *None* instead.
-        """
-        result = self.run(
-            list(args) + ["--format=json"],
-            check=check,
-        )
-        if result.returncode != 0:
-            return None
-        return json.loads(result.stdout)
-
-    def run_output(self, args, check=True):
-        """Run an incus command and return its stripped stdout.
-
-        When *check* is False, returns *None* on non-zero exit
-        instead of raising.
-        """
-        result = self.run(args, check=check)
-        if result.returncode != 0:
-            return None
-        return result.stdout.strip()
-
-    def find_image(self, aliases):
-        """Return the first alias from *aliases* that exists, else None."""
-        images = self.run_json(["image", "list"], check=False) or []
-        existing = {a.get("name") for img in images for a in img.get("aliases", [])}
-        for alias in aliases:
-            if alias in existing:
-                return alias
-        return None
-
-    def delete_images(self):
-        """Delete the cached base and relay images."""
-        for alias in (RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS, BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS):
-            self.run(["image", "delete", alias], check=False)  # ok if absent
-
-    def list_managed(self):
-        """Return list of dicts with name, ip, ipv6, domain, status, memory_usage."""
-        containers = []
-        for ct in self.run_json(["list"]):
-            config = ct.get("config", {})
-            if config.get(LABEL_KEY) != "true":
-                continue
-            name = ct["name"]
-            state = ct.get("state", {})
-            net = state.get("network") or {}
-            containers.append(
-                {
-                    "name": name,
-                    "ip": _extract_ip(net, "inet"),
-                    "ipv6": _extract_ip(net, "inet6"),
-                    "domain": config.get(
-                        "user.localchat-domain", f"{name}{DOMAIN_SUFFIX}"
-                    ),
-                    "status": ct.get("status", "Unknown"),
-                    "memory_usage": state.get("memory", {}).get("usage", 0),
-                }
-            )
-        return containers
-
-    def ensure_base_image(self):
-        """Build and cache a base image with openssh and the SSH key.
-
-        The image is published as a local incus image with alias
-        'localchat-base'.  Subsequent container launches use this
-        image instead of the upstream Debian 12, skipping the
-        slow apt-get install step.
-        Returns the image alias.
-        """
-        if self.find_image([BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS]):
-            self.out.print(f"  Base image '{BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS}' already cached.")
-            return BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS
-
-        self.out.print("  Building base image (one-time setup) ...")
-
-        self.run(["delete", BASE_SETUP_NAME, "--force"], check=False)
-        self.run(["image", "delete", BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS], check=False)
-        self.run(["launch", UPSTREAM_IMAGE, BASE_SETUP_NAME])
-
-        ct = Container(self, BASE_SETUP_NAME)
-        ct.wait_ready()
-
-        key_path = self.ssh_key_path
-        pub_key = key_path.with_suffix(".pub").read_text().strip()
-        host_ns = self.get_host_nameservers()
-        ns_lines = "\n".join(f"nameserver {n}" for n in host_ns)
-        ct.bash(f"""
-            printf '{ns_lines}\n' > /etc/resolv.conf
-            apt-get -o DPkg::Lock::Timeout=60 update
-            DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y openssh-server python3
-            systemctl enable ssh
-            apt-get clean
-            mkdir -p /root/.ssh
-            chmod 700 /root/.ssh
-            echo '{pub_key}' > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
-            chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
-        """)
-
-        self.run(["stop", BASE_SETUP_NAME])
-        self.run(["publish", BASE_SETUP_NAME, f"--alias={BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS}"])
-        self.run(["delete", BASE_SETUP_NAME, "--force"])
-        self.out.print(f"  Base image '{BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS}' ready.")
-        return BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS
-
-    def get_container(self, name):
-        """Return a container handle for the given name.
-
-        Accepts both short relay names (``test0``) and full Incus
-        container names (``test0-localchat``).  Returns
-        ``DNSContainer`` for the DNS container and
-        ``RelayContainer`` for everything else.
-        """
-        if name == DNS_CONTAINER_NAME:
-            return DNSContainer(self)
-        return RelayContainer(self, name.removesuffix("-localchat"))
-
-    def get_dns_container(self):
-        """Return a DNSContainer handle."""
-        return DNSContainer(self)
-
-
-class Container:
-    """The base container handle wraps all interactions with incus."""
-
-    def __init__(self, incus, name, domain=None):
-        self.incus = incus
-        self.out = incus.out
-        self.name = name
-        self.domain = domain or f"{name}{DOMAIN_SUFFIX}"
-        self.ipv4 = None
-        self.ipv6 = None
-
-    def bash(self, script, check=True):
-        """Returns stdout from executing ``bash -ec <script>`` inside this container.
-
-        *script* is dedented and stripped so callers can use triple-quoted strings.
-        When *check* is False, returns *None* on non-zero exit instead of raising.
-        """
-        script = textwrap.dedent(script).strip()
-        cmd = ["exec", self.name, "--", "bash", "-ec", script]
-        return self.incus.run_output(cmd, check=check)
-
-    def run_cmd(self, *args, check=True):
-        """Return stdout from running a command directly in the container (no shell).
-
-        When *check* is False, returns *None* on non-zero exit instead of raising.
-        """
-        return self.incus.run_output(
-            ["exec", self.name, "--", *args],
-            check=check,
-        )
-
-    def start(self):
-        self.incus.run(["start", self.name])
-
-    def stop(self, force=False):
-        cmd = ["stop", self.name]
-        if force:
-            cmd.append("--force")
-        self.incus.run(cmd, check=False)
-
-    def launch(self):
-        """Launch from the best available image, return the alias used."""
-        image = self.incus.find_image([RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS, BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS])
-        if not image:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"No base image '{BASE_IMAGE_ALIAS}' found. "
-                "Call ensure_base_image() before launching containers."
-            )
-        self.out.print(f"  Launching from '{image}' image ...")
-        cfg = []
-        cfg += ("-c", f"{LABEL_KEY}=true")
-        cfg += ("-c", f"user.localchat-domain={self.domain}")
-        self.incus.run(["launch", image, self.name, *cfg])
-        return image
-
-    def ensure(self):
-        """Create/start this container from the cached base image.
-
-        On first call, builds the base image (~30s).
-        Subsequent containers launch in ~2s from the cached image.
-        Returns ``self`` for chaining.
-        """
-        data = self.incus.run_json(["list", self.name], check=False) or []
-
-        existing = [c for c in data if c["name"] == self.name]
-        if existing:
-            if existing[0]["status"] != "Running":
-                self.start()
-        else:
-            self.launch()
-        self.wait_ready()
-        return self
-
-    def destroy(self):
-        """Stop, delete, and clean up config files."""
-        self.stop(force=True)
-        self.incus.run(["delete", self.name, "--force"], check=False)
-
-    def push_file_content(self, dest_path, content):
-        """Write *content* to *dest_path* inside the container.
-
-        *content* is dedented and stripped so callers can use
-        indented triple-quoted strings.
-        """
-        content = textwrap.dedent(content).strip() + "\n"
-        self.incus.run(
-            ["file", "push", "-", f"{self.name}{dest_path}"],
-            input=content,
-        )
-        self.bash(f"chmod 644 {dest_path}")
-
-    def wait_ready(self, timeout=60):
-        """Wait until the container is running with an IPv4 address.
-
-        Sets ``self.ipv4`` and ``self.ipv6`` (may be *None*),
-        or raises ``TimeoutError``.
-        """
-        deadline = time.time() + timeout
-        while time.time() < deadline:
-            data = self.incus.run_json(
-                ["list", self.name],
-                check=False,
-            )
-            if data and data[0].get("status") == "Running":
-                net = data[0].get("state", {}).get("network", {})
-                self.ipv4 = _extract_ip(net, "inet")
-                self.ipv6 = _extract_ip(net, "inet6")
-                if self.ipv4:
-                    return
-            time.sleep(1)
-        raise TimeoutError(
-            f"Container {self.name!r} did not become ready within {timeout}s"
-        )
-
-    def rss_mib(self):
-        """Return ``(used, total)`` memory from container (or None if unobtainable)."""
-        output = self.bash("free -m", check=False)
-        if output:
-            for line in output.splitlines():
-                if line.startswith("Mem:"):
-                    parts = line.split()
-                    return int(parts[2]), int(parts[1])
-
-
-class RelayContainer(Container):
-    """Container handle for a chatmail relay.
-
-    Accepts the short relay name (e.g. ``test0``) and derives
-    the Incus container name and mail domain automatically.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, incus, name):
-        super().__init__(
-            incus,
-            f"{name}-localchat",
-            domain=f"_{name}{DOMAIN_SUFFIX}",
-        )
-        self.sname = name
-        self.ini = incus.lxconfigs_dir / f"chatmail-{name}.ini"
-        self.zone = incus.lxconfigs_dir / f"{name}.zone"
-
-    def launch(self):
-        """Launch (from a potentially cached image) and clear inherited chatmail-version."""
-        image = super().launch()
-        self.bash("rm -f /etc/chatmail-version")
-        return image
-
-    def destroy(self):
-        """Stop, delete, and clean up config files."""
-        super().destroy()
-        if self.ini.exists():
-            self.ini.unlink()
-
-    def disable_ipv6(self):
-        """Disable IPv6 inside the container via sysctl."""
-        # incus provides net.* virtualization for LXC containers so that
-        # these sysctls only affect the container's network namespace.
-        self.bash("""
-            sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
-            sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
-        """)
-        self.push_file_content(
-            "/etc/sysctl.d/99-disable-ipv6.conf",
-            """
-            net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
-            net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
-            """,
-        )
-
-    def configure_hosts(self, ip):
-        """Set hostname and /etc/hosts inside the container."""
-        self.bash(f"""
-            echo '{self.name}' > /etc/hostname
-            hostname {self.name}
-            sed -i '/ {self.domain}$/d' /etc/hosts
-            echo '{ip} {self.name} {self.domain}' >> /etc/hosts
-        """)
-
-    def publish_as_relay_image(self):
-        """Publish this container as a reusable relay image.
-
-        Stops the container, 'publishes' it as 'localchat-relay', then restarts it.
-        """
-        if self.incus.find_image([RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS]):
-            return
-        self.out.print(
-            f"  Locally caching {self.name!r} as '{RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS}' image ..."
-        )
-        self.incus.run(
-            ["publish", self.name, f"--alias={RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS}", "--force"]
-        )
-        self.wait_ready()
-        self.out.print(f"  Relay image '{RELAY_IMAGE_ALIAS}' ready.")
-
-    def deployed_version(self):
-        """Read /etc/chatmail-version, or None if absent."""
-        return self.bash("cat /etc/chatmail-version", check=False)
-
-    def deployed_domain(self):
-        """Read the domain deployed on the container (postfix myhostname)."""
-        return self.bash(
-            "postconf -h myhostname 2>/dev/null",
-            check=False,
-        )
-
-    def verify_ssh(self, ssh_config):
-        """Verify SSH connectivity to this container."""
-        cmd = f"ssh -F {ssh_config} -o ConnectTimeout=60 root@{self.domain} hostname"
-        return shell(cmd, timeout=60).returncode == 0
-
-    def configure_dns(self, dns_ip):
-        """Point this container's resolver at *dns_ip* and verify DNS is reachable."""
-        self.bash(f"""
-            systemctl disable --now systemd-resolved 2>/dev/null || true
-            rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
-            printf 'nameserver {dns_ip}\\n' >/etc/resolv.conf
-            mkdir -p /etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d
-        """)
-        self.push_file_content(
-            "/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/localchat-forward.conf",
-            f"""
-            server:
-              domain-insecure: "localchat"
-
-            forward-zone:
-              name: "localchat"
-              forward-addr: {dns_ip}
-            """,
-        )
-        self.bash("systemctl restart unbound 2>/dev/null || true")
-        self._wait_dns_reachable(dns_ip)
-
-    def _wait_dns_reachable(self, dns_ip, timeout=10):
-        """Poll until *dns_ip* answers a DNS query from this container."""
-        if self.bash("which dig", check=False) is None:
-            self.bash(
-                "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive "
-                "apt-get install -y dnsutils 2>/dev/null || true"
-            )
-        deadline = time.time() + timeout
-        while time.time() < deadline:
-            result = self.bash(
-                f"dig @{dns_ip} . SOA +short +time=1 +tries=1",
-                check=False,
-            )
-            if result and result.strip():
-                return
-            time.sleep(0.5)
-        raise DNSConfigurationError(
-            f"DNS at {dns_ip} not reachable from {self.name} after {timeout}s"
-        )
-
-    def write_ini(self, disable_ipv6=False):
-        """Generate a chatmail.ini config file in lxconfigs/."""
-        from chatmaild.config import write_initial_config
-
-        overrides = {
-            "max_user_send_per_minute": 600,
-            "max_user_send_burst_size": 100,
-            "mtail_address": "127.0.0.1",
-        }
-        if disable_ipv6:
-            overrides["disable_ipv6"] = "True"
-        write_initial_config(self.ini, self.domain, overrides)
-        return self.ini
-
-
-class DNSContainer(Container):
-    """Container handle for the PowerDNS name server.
-
-    Manages the authoritative and recursive DNS services required for
-    name resolution in the local testing environment.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, incus):
-        super().__init__(incus, DNS_CONTAINER_NAME, domain=DNS_DOMAIN)
-
-    def pdnsutil(self, *args, check=True):
-        """Run ``pdnsutil <args>`` inside the DNS container."""
-        return self.run_cmd("pdnsutil", *args, check=check)
-
-    def replace_rrset(self, zone, name, rtype, ttl, rdata):
-        """Shortcut for ``pdnsutil replace-rrset``."""
-        self.pdnsutil("replace-rrset", zone, name, rtype, ttl, rdata)
-
-    def restart_services(self):
-        """Restart pdns and pdns-recursor, then wait until DNS is answering."""
-        self.bash("""
-            systemctl restart pdns
-            systemctl restart pdns-recursor || true
-        """)
-        self._wait_dns_ready()
-
-    def _wait_dns_ready(self, timeout=60):
-        """Poll until the recursor answers a query on port 53."""
-        deadline = time.time() + timeout
-        while time.time() < deadline:
-            result = self.bash(
-                "dig @127.0.0.1 . SOA +short +time=1 +tries=1",
-                check=False,
-            )
-            if result and result.strip():
-                return
-            time.sleep(0.5)
-        raise DNSConfigurationError(f"DNS recursor not answering after {timeout}s")
-
-    def ensure(self):
-        """Create the DNS container with PowerDNS if needed.
-
-        Calls ``super().ensure()`` to create/start the container
-        and set up SSH, then installs PowerDNS and configures
-        the Incus bridge to use this container as DNS.
-        """
-        super().ensure()
-        self._install_powerdns()
-        self.incus.run(
-            ["network", "set", "incusbr0", "dns.mode=none"],
-            check=False,
-        )
-        self.incus.run(
-            ["network", "set", "incusbr0", f"raw.dnsmasq=dhcp-option=6,{self.ipv4}"],
-            check=False,
-        )
-
-    def destroy(self):
-        """Stop, delete, and reset bridge DNS config."""
-        super().destroy()
-        self.incus.run(["network", "unset", "incusbr0", "dns.mode"], check=False)
-        self.incus.run(["network", "unset", "incusbr0", "raw.dnsmasq"], check=False)
-
-    def _install_powerdns(self):
-        """Install and configure PowerDNS if not already present."""
-        if self.run_cmd("which", "pdns_server", check=False) is not None:
-            return
-
-        host_ns = self.incus.get_host_nameservers()
-        ns_lines = "\n".join(f"nameserver {n}" for n in host_ns)
-
-        self.bash(f"""
-            systemctl disable --now systemd-resolved 2>/dev/null || true
-            rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
-            printf '{ns_lines}\n' > /etc/resolv.conf
-
-            # Block automatic service startup during package installation
-            printf '#!/bin/sh\\nexit 101\\n' > /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
-            chmod +x /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
-
-            apt-get -o DPkg::Lock::Timeout=60 update
-            DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
-                pdns-server pdns-backend-sqlite3 sqlite3 pdns-recursor dnsutils
-
-            # Remove the startup block
-            rm /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
-
-            systemctl stop pdns pdns-recursor || true
-            mkdir -p /var/lib/powerdns
-            sqlite3 /var/lib/powerdns/pdns.sqlite3 \
-                </usr/share/doc/pdns-backend-sqlite3/schema.sqlite3.sql
-            chown -R pdns:pdns /var/lib/powerdns
-        """)
-
-        self.push_file_content(
-            "/etc/powerdns/pdns.conf",
-            """
-            launch=gsqlite3
-            gsqlite3-database=/var/lib/powerdns/pdns.sqlite3
-            local-address=127.0.0.1
-            local-port=5353
-            """,
-        )
-
-        self.push_file_content(
-            "/etc/powerdns/recursor.conf",
-            """
-            local-address=0.0.0.0
-            local-port=53
-            forward-zones=localchat=127.0.0.1:5353
-            allow-from=0.0.0.0/0
-            dont-query=
-            dnssec=off
-            """,
-        )
-
-        self.bash("""
-            systemctl start pdns
-            systemctl start pdns-recursor
-            echo 'nameserver 127.0.0.1' > /etc/resolv.conf
-        """)
-        self._wait_dns_ready()
-
-    def reset_dns_records(self, dns_ip, domains):
-        """Create DNS zones with initial A records via pdnsutil.
-
-        Only sets SOA, NS, and A records as the minimal set
-        needed for SSH connectivity.  Full records (MX, TXT, SRV,
-        CNAME, DKIM) are added later by ``cmdeploy dns``.
-
-        Args:
-            dns_ip: IP of the DNS container
-            domains: list of dicts with 'name', 'domain', 'ip'
-        """
-        for d in domains:
-            domain = d["domain"]
-            ip = d["ip"]
-            self.out.print(f"  {domain} -> {ip}")
-
-            # Delete and recreate zone fresh (removes stale records)
-            self.pdnsutil("delete-zone", domain, check=False)
-            self.pdnsutil("create-zone", domain, f"ns.{domain}")
-
-            serial = str(int(time.time()))
-            soa = f"ns.{domain} hostmaster.{domain} {serial} 3600 900 604800 300"
-            self.replace_rrset(domain, ".", "SOA", "3600", soa)
-            self.replace_rrset(domain, ".", "NS", "3600", f"ns.{domain}.")
-            self.replace_rrset(domain, ".", "A", "3600", ip)
-            self.replace_rrset(domain, "ns", "A", "3600", dns_ip)
-
-            # AAAA (domain -> container IPv6, if available)
-            ipv6 = d.get("ipv6")
-            if ipv6:
-                self.replace_rrset(domain, ".", "AAAA", "3600", ipv6)
-                self.out.print(f"    zone reset: SOA, NS, A, AAAA  ({ip}, {ipv6})")
-            else:
-                # Remove any stale AAAA record
-                self.pdnsutil("delete-rrset", domain, ".", "AAAA", check=False)
-                self.out.print(f"    zone reset: SOA, NS, A  ({ip}, IPv4-only)")
-
-        self.restart_services()
-
-    def set_dns_records(self, text):
-        """Add or overwrite DNS records from standard BIND format.
-
-        Uses ``cmdeploy.dns.parse_zone_records`` to parse.
-        Zones are created automatically from the record names.
-        """
-        from ..dns import parse_zone_records
-
-        zones_seen = set()
-
-        for name, ttl, rtype, rdata in parse_zone_records(text):
-            # Derive zone from name: find top-level .localchat domain
-            name_parts = name.split(".")
-            zone = name  # fallback
-            for i in range(len(name_parts) - 1):
-                if name_parts[i + 1 :] == ["localchat"]:
-                    zone = ".".join(name_parts[i:])
-                    break
-
-            # Create zone if first time seeing it
-            if zone not in zones_seen:
-                self.pdnsutil(
-                    "create-zone",
-                    zone,
-                    f"ns.{zone}",
-                    check=False,
-                )
-                zones_seen.add(zone)
-
-            # Figure out the record name relative to zone
-            if name == zone:
-                relative = "."
-            elif name.endswith(f".{zone}"):
-                relative = name[: -(len(zone) + 1)]
-            else:
-                relative = name
-
-            self.replace_rrset(zone, relative, rtype, ttl, rdata)
-
-        if zones_seen:
-            self.restart_services()
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ counter created_nonci_accounts
  }
 }

+# doveauth refusing new addresses because a chatmail.ini
+# system resource limit is exceeded.
+counter rejected_registrations
+/registration rejected: / {
+  rejected_registrations++
+}
+
 counter postfix_timeouts
 /timeout after DATA/ {
  postfix_timeouts++
@@ -73,8 +80,21 @@ counter incoming_unencrypted_mail_count
  filtered_incoming_mail_count++
 }

+counter incoming_mailer_daemon_mail_count
+/Incoming: Filtering mailer-daemon message from/ {
+  incoming_mailer_daemon_mail_count++
+  filtered_incoming_mail_count++
+}

 counter rejected_unencrypted_mail_count
 /Rejected unencrypted mail/ {
  rejected_unencrypted_mail_count++
 }
+
+counter quota_expire_runs
+counter quota_expire_removed_files
+
+/quota-expire: removed (?P<count>\d+) message\(s\)/ {
+  quota_expire_runs++
+  quota_expire_removed_files += $count
+}
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 from pyinfra import facts, host
-from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server, systemd
+from pyinfra.operations import apt

-from cmdeploy.basedeploy import (
-    Deployer,
-    get_resource,
-)
+from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer


 class MtailDeployer(Deployer):
@@ -18,51 +15,30 @@ class MtailDeployer(Deployer):
        (url, sha256sum) = {
            "x86_64": (
                "https://github.com/google/mtail/releases/download/v3.0.8/mtail_3.0.8_linux_amd64.tar.gz",
-                "123c2ee5f48c3eff12ebccee38befd2233d715da736000ccde49e3d5607724e4",
+                "d55cb601049c5e61eabab29998dbbcea95d480e5448544f9470337ba2eea882e",
            ),
            "aarch64": (
                "https://github.com/google/mtail/releases/download/v3.0.8/mtail_3.0.8_linux_arm64.tar.gz",
-                "aa04811c0929b6754408676de520e050c45dddeb3401881888a092c9aea89cae",
+                "f748db8ad2a1e0b63684d4c8868cf6a373a20f7e6922e5ece601fff0ee00eb1a",
            ),
        }[host.get_fact(facts.server.Arch)]
-
-        server.shell(
-            name="Download mtail",
-            commands=[
-                f"(echo '{sha256sum} /usr/local/bin/mtail' | sha256sum -c) || (curl -L {url} | gunzip | tar -x -f - mtail -O >/usr/local/bin/mtail.new && mv /usr/local/bin/mtail.new /usr/local/bin/mtail)",
-                "chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/mtail",
-            ],
+        self.download_executable(
+            url,
+            "/usr/local/bin/mtail",
+            sha256sum,
+            extract="gunzip | tar -xf - mtail -O",
        )

    def configure(self):
        # Using our own systemd unit instead of `/usr/lib/systemd/system/mtail.service`.
        # This allows to read from journalctl instead of log files.
-        files.template(
-            src=get_resource("mtail/mtail.service.j2"),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/mtail.service",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.ensure_systemd_unit(
+            "mtail/mtail.service.j2",
            address=self.mtail_address or "127.0.0.1",
            port=3903,
        )
-
-        mtail_conf = files.put(
-            name="Mtail configuration",
-            src=get_resource("mtail/delivered_mail.mtail"),
-            dest="/etc/mtail/delivered_mail.mtail",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        self.need_restart = mtail_conf.changed
+        self.put_file("mtail/delivered_mail.mtail", "/etc/mtail/delivered_mail.mtail")

    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Start and enable mtail",
-            service="mtail.service",
-            running=bool(self.mtail_address),
-            enabled=bool(self.mtail_address),
-            restarted=self.need_restart,
-        )
-        self.need_restart = False
+        active = bool(self.mtail_address)
+        self.ensure_service("mtail.service", running=active, enabled=active)
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# filtermail.mtail: filtermail process event counters
+
+#
+# Counters
+#
+
+# Connection errors in the transport path
+# Error::Io / Error::ConnectionFailed / Error::Tls: the reason string filtermail strips
+counter filtermail_transport_error_total by reason
+
+# Unexpected transport errors: DNS failure, HTTP error, config error.
+counter filtermail_transport_unexpected_total
+
+# Silent drops: inbound
+# "unencrypted" overlaps with rejected_unencrypted_mail_count in delivered_mail.mtail.
+counter filtermail_inbound_drop_total by reason
+
+# Silent drops: outbound
+# "unencrypted" overlaps with rejected_unencrypted_mail_count in delivered_mail.mtail;
+# "sender_disabled" and "all_recipients_disabled" are new.
+counter filtermail_outbound_drop_total by reason
+
+# Reinject failures
+counter filtermail_reinject_error_total by direction
+
+# SMTP-level connection errors (client dropped mid-session)
+counter filtermail_smtp_error_total by reason
+
+#
+# filtermail::transport
+#
+
+/filtermail\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::transport::worker\] Connection error relaying to mail server \S+: / {
+    /timed out/ {
+        filtermail_transport_error_total["connection_timeout"]++
+    } otherwise {
+    /Failed to connect to any of the following addresses/ {
+        filtermail_transport_error_total["connection_refused"]++
+    } otherwise {
+    /Connection refused/ {
+        filtermail_transport_error_total["connection_refused"]++
+    } otherwise {
+    /invalid certificate/ {
+        filtermail_transport_error_total["tls_cert_not_verified"]++
+    } otherwise {
+    /peer sent fatal alert|handshake/ {
+        filtermail_transport_error_total["tls_handshake"]++
+    } otherwise {
+    /close_notify|connection closed/ {
+        filtermail_transport_error_total["lost_connection"]++
+    } otherwise {
+        filtermail_transport_error_total["other"]++
+    }}}}}}}
+
+/filtermail\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::transport::worker\] Unexpected error while delivering/ {
+    filtermail_transport_unexpected_total++
+}
+
+#
+# filtermail::smtp_server
+#
+
+/filtermail(?:-incoming)?\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::smtp_server\] Unexpected EoF while receiving DATA/ {
+    filtermail_smtp_error_total["unexpected_eof"]++
+}
+
+/filtermail(?:-incoming)?\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::smtp_server\] Malformed DATA line without CRLF/ {
+    filtermail_smtp_error_total["malformed_data_line"]++
+}
+
+#
+# filtermail::outbound
+#
+
+/filtermail\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::outbound\] Rejected unencrypted mail/ {
+    filtermail_outbound_drop_total["unencrypted"]++
+}
+
+/filtermail\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::outbound\] Dropping mail; Sender .* is disabled/ {
+    filtermail_outbound_drop_total["sender_disabled"]++
+}
+
+/filtermail\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::outbound\] Dropping mail; All recipients disabled/ {
+    filtermail_outbound_drop_total["all_recipients_disabled"]++
+}
+
+/filtermail\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::outbound\] Failed to re.inject mail/ {
+    filtermail_reinject_error_total["outbound"]++
+}
+
+#
+# filtermail::inbound
+#
+
+/filtermail(?:-incoming)?\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::inbound\] Rejected unencrypted mail/ {
+    filtermail_inbound_drop_total["unencrypted"]++
+}
+
+/filtermail(?:-incoming)?\[\d+\]: \[WARN\s+filtermail::inbound\] Failed to re.inject mail/ {
+    filtermail_reinject_error_total["inbound"]++
+}
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 [Unit]
 Description=mtail
+After=network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target

 [Service]
 Type=simple
 ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "journalctl -f -o short-iso -n 0 | /usr/local/bin/mtail --address={{ address }} --port={{ port }} --progs /etc/mtail --logtostderr --logs -"
 Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=2s

 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from chatmaild.config import Config
-from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, systemd
+from pyinfra.operations import apt

 from cmdeploy.basedeploy import (
    Deployer,
@@ -31,87 +31,50 @@ class NginxDeployer(Deployer):
        # For documentation about policy-rc.d, see:
        # https://people.debian.org/~hmh/invokerc.d-policyrc.d-specification.txt
        #
-        files.put(
-            src=get_resource("policy-rc.d"),
-            dest="/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="755",
-        )
+        self.put_executable(src="policy-rc.d", dest="/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d")

        apt.packages(
            name="Install nginx",
            packages=["nginx", "libnginx-mod-stream"],
        )

-        files.file("/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d", present=False)
+        self.remove_file("/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d")

    def configure(self):
-        self.need_restart = _configure_nginx(self.config)
+        _configure_nginx(self, self.config)

    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Start and enable nginx",
-            service="nginx.service",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-            restarted=self.need_restart,
-        )
-        self.need_restart = False
+        self.ensure_service("nginx.service")


-def _configure_nginx(config: Config, debug: bool = False) -> bool:
+def _configure_nginx(deployer, config: Config, debug: bool = False):
    """Configures nginx HTTP server."""
-    need_restart = False

-    main_config = files.template(
-        src=get_resource("nginx/nginx.conf.j2"),
-        dest="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf",
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-        mode="644",
+    deployer.put_template(
+        "nginx/nginx.conf.j2",
+        "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf",
        config=config,
        disable_ipv6=config.disable_ipv6,
    )
-    need_restart |= main_config.changed

-    autoconfig = files.template(
-        src=get_resource("nginx/autoconfig.xml.j2"),
-        dest="/var/www/html/.well-known/autoconfig/mail/config-v1.1.xml",
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-        mode="644",
+    deployer.put_template(
+        "nginx/autoconfig.xml.j2",
+        "/var/www/html/.well-known/autoconfig/mail/config-v1.1.xml",
        config=config,
    )
-    need_restart |= autoconfig.changed

-    mta_sts_config = files.template(
-        src=get_resource("nginx/mta-sts.txt.j2"),
-        dest="/var/www/html/.well-known/mta-sts.txt",
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-        mode="644",
+    deployer.put_template(
+        "nginx/mta-sts.txt.j2",
+        "/var/www/html/.well-known/mta-sts.txt",
        config=config,
    )
-    need_restart |= mta_sts_config.changed

    # install CGI newemail script
    #
    cgi_dir = "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"
-    files.directory(
-        name=f"Ensure {cgi_dir} exists",
-        path=cgi_dir,
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-    )
+    deployer.ensure_directory(cgi_dir)

-    files.put(
-        name="Upload cgi newemail.py script",
+    deployer.put_executable(
        src=get_resource("newemail.py", pkg="chatmaild").open("rb"),
        dest=f"{cgi_dir}/newemail.py",
-        user="root",
-        group="root",
-        mode="755",
    )
-
-    return need_restart
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ stream {
 }

 http {
+	# access_log setting is inherited by all server sections
+	access_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log,facility=local7;
+
 {% if config.tls_cert_mode == "self" %}
 	limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=newaccount:10m rate=2r/s;
 {% endif %}
@@ -69,9 +72,11 @@ http {

 		index index.html index.htm;

-		server_name {{ config.mail_domain }} www.{{ config.mail_domain }} mta-sts.{{ config.mail_domain }};
+		server_name {{ config.mail_domain }} mta-sts.{{ config.mail_domain }};

-		access_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log,facility=local7;
+		location /mxdeliv {
+		    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:{{ config.filtermail_http_port_incoming }};
+		}

 		location / {
 			# First attempt to serve request as file, then
@@ -123,7 +128,10 @@ http {
                        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
                }

-		location /relay/probe {
+		# Endpoints Iroh uses for net_report probes and that clients
+		# probe to tell whether this relay works. Both paths are served
+		# by iroh-relay 0.35 and by the 1.0 line.
+		location /ping {
                        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3340;
                        proxy_http_version 1.1;
 		}
@@ -139,7 +147,6 @@ http {
 		listen 127.0.0.1:8443 ssl;
 		server_name www.{{ config.mail_domain }};
 		return 301 $scheme://{{ config.mail_domain }}$request_uri;
-		access_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log,facility=local7;
 	}

 	server {
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Installs OpenDKIM

 from pyinfra import host
 from pyinfra.facts.files import File
-from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server, systemd
+from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server

-from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer, get_resource
+from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer


 class OpendkimDeployer(Deployer):
@@ -25,65 +25,39 @@ class OpendkimDeployer(Deployer):
        domain = self.mail_domain
        dkim_selector = "opendkim"
        """Configures OpenDKIM"""
-        need_restart = False

-        main_config = files.template(
-            src=get_resource("opendkim/opendkim.conf"),
-            dest="/etc/opendkim.conf",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "opendkim/opendkim.conf",
+            "/etc/opendkim.conf",
            config={"domain_name": domain, "opendkim_selector": dkim_selector},
        )
-        need_restart |= main_config.changed

-        screen_script = files.file(
-            path="/etc/opendkim/screen.lua",
-            present=False,
-        )
-        need_restart |= screen_script.changed
+        self.remove_file("/etc/opendkim/screen.lua")
+        self.remove_file("/etc/opendkim/final.lua")

-        final_script = files.file(
-            path="/etc/opendkim/final.lua",
-            present=False,
-        )
-        need_restart |= final_script.changed
-
-        files.directory(
-            name="Add opendkim directory to /etc",
-            path="/etc/opendkim",
-            user="opendkim",
-            group="opendkim",
+        self.ensure_directory(
+            "/etc/opendkim",
+            owner="opendkim",
            mode="750",
-            present=True,
        )

-        keytable = files.template(
-            src=get_resource("opendkim/KeyTable"),
-            dest="/etc/dkimkeys/KeyTable",
-            user="opendkim",
-            group="opendkim",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "opendkim/KeyTable",
+            "/etc/dkimkeys/KeyTable",
+            owner="opendkim",
            config={"domain_name": domain, "opendkim_selector": dkim_selector},
        )
-        need_restart |= keytable.changed

-        signing_table = files.template(
-            src=get_resource("opendkim/SigningTable"),
-            dest="/etc/dkimkeys/SigningTable",
-            user="opendkim",
-            group="opendkim",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "opendkim/SigningTable",
+            "/etc/dkimkeys/SigningTable",
+            owner="opendkim",
            config={"domain_name": domain, "opendkim_selector": dkim_selector},
        )
-        need_restart |= signing_table.changed
-        files.directory(
-            name="Add opendkim socket directory to /var/spool/postfix",
-            path="/var/spool/postfix/opendkim",
-            user="opendkim",
-            group="opendkim",
+        self.ensure_directory(
+            "/var/spool/postfix/opendkim",
+            owner="opendkim",
            mode="750",
-            present=True,
        )

        if not host.get_fact(File, f"/etc/dkimkeys/{dkim_selector}.private"):
@@ -96,12 +70,10 @@ class OpendkimDeployer(Deployer):
                _su_user="opendkim",
            )

-        service_file = files.put(
-            name="Configure opendkim to restart once a day",
-            src=get_resource("opendkim/systemd.conf"),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/opendkim.service.d/10-prevent-memory-leak.conf",
+        self.put_file(
+            "opendkim/systemd.conf",
+            "/etc/systemd/system/opendkim.service.d/10-prevent-memory-leak.conf",
        )
-        need_restart |= service_file.changed

        files.file(
            name="chown opendkim: /etc/dkimkeys/opendkim.private",
@@ -110,15 +82,5 @@ class OpendkimDeployer(Deployer):
            group="opendkim",
        )

-        self.need_restart = need_restart
-
    def activate(self):
-        systemd.service(
-            name="Start and enable OpenDKIM",
-            service="opendkim.service",
-            running=True,
-            enabled=True,
-            daemon_reload=self.need_restart,
-            restarted=self.need_restart,
-        )
-        self.need_restart = False
+        self.ensure_service("opendkim.service")
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-from pyinfra.operations import apt, files, server, systemd
+from pyinfra.operations import apt, server

-from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer, get_resource
+from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer


 class PostfixDeployer(Deployer):
    required_users = [("postfix", None, ["opendkim"])]
-    daemon_reload = False

    def __init__(self, config, disable_mail):
        self.config = config
@@ -19,81 +18,46 @@ class PostfixDeployer(Deployer):

    def configure(self):
        config = self.config
-        need_restart = False

-        main_config = files.template(
-            src=get_resource("postfix/main.cf.j2"),
-            dest="/etc/postfix/main.cf",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "postfix/main.cf.j2",
+            "/etc/postfix/main.cf",
            config=config,
            disable_ipv6=config.disable_ipv6,
        )
-        need_restart |= main_config.changed

-        master_config = files.template(
-            src=get_resource("postfix/master.cf.j2"),
-            dest="/etc/postfix/master.cf",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_template(
+            "postfix/master.cf.j2",
+            "/etc/postfix/master.cf",
            debug=False,
            config=config,
        )
-        need_restart |= master_config.changed

-        header_cleanup = files.put(
-            src=get_resource("postfix/submission_header_cleanup"),
-            dest="/etc/postfix/submission_header_cleanup",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        self.put_file(
+            "postfix/submission_header_cleanup",
+            "/etc/postfix/submission_header_cleanup",
        )
-        need_restart |= header_cleanup.changed
+        self.put_file("postfix/lmtp_header_cleanup", "/etc/postfix/lmtp_header_cleanup")

-        lmtp_header_cleanup = files.put(
-            src=get_resource("postfix/lmtp_header_cleanup"),
-            dest="/etc/postfix/lmtp_header_cleanup",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
+        res = self.put_file(
+            "postfix/smtp_tls_policy_map", "/etc/postfix/smtp_tls_policy_map"
        )
-        need_restart |= lmtp_header_cleanup.changed
-
-        tls_policy_map = files.put(
-            name="Upload SMTP TLS Policy that accepts self-signed certificates for IP-only hosts",
-            src=get_resource("postfix/smtp_tls_policy_map"),
-            dest="/etc/postfix/smtp_tls_policy_map",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        need_restart |= tls_policy_map.changed
-        if tls_policy_map.changed:
+        tls_policy_changed = res.changed
+        if tls_policy_changed:
            server.shell(
                commands=["postmap /etc/postfix/smtp_tls_policy_map"],
            )

        # Login map that 1:1 maps email address to login.
-        login_map = files.put(
-            src=get_resource("postfix/login_map"),
-            dest="/etc/postfix/login_map",
-            user="root",
-            group="root",
-            mode="644",
-        )
-        need_restart |= login_map.changed
+        self.put_file("postfix/login_map", "/etc/postfix/login_map")

-        restart_conf = files.put(
-            name="postfix: restart automatically on failure",
-            src=get_resource("service/10_restart.conf"),
-            dest="/etc/systemd/system/postfix@.service.d/10_restart.conf",
+        self.put_file(
+            "service/10_restart_on_failure.conf",
+            "/etc/systemd/system/postfix@.service.d/10_restart.conf",
        )
-        self.daemon_reload = restart_conf.changed

        # Validate postfix configuration before restart
-        if need_restart:
+        if self.need_restart:
            server.shell(
                name="Validate postfix configuration",
                # Extract stderr and quit with error if non-zero
@@ -101,19 +65,11 @@ class PostfixDeployer(Deployer):
                    """bash -c 'w=$(postconf 2>&1 >/dev/null); [[ -z "$w" ]] || { echo "$w"; false; }'"""
                ],
            )
-        self.need_restart = need_restart

    def activate(self):
-        restart = False if self.disable_mail else self.need_restart
-
-        systemd.service(
-            name="disable postfix for now"
-            if self.disable_mail
-            else "Start and enable Postfix",
-            service="postfix.service",
-            running=False if self.disable_mail else True,
-            enabled=False if self.disable_mail else True,
-            restarted=restart,
-            daemon_reload=self.daemon_reload,
+        active = not self.disable_mail
+        self.ensure_service(
+            "postfix.service",
+            running=active,
+            enabled=active,
        )
-        self.need_restart = False
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ smtpd_tls_key_file={{ config.tls_key_path }}
 smtpd_tls_security_level=may

 smtp_tls_CApath=/etc/ssl/certs
-smtp_tls_security_level={{ "verify" if config.tls_cert_mode == "acme" else "encrypt" }}
+smtp_tls_security_level=verify
 # Send SNI extension when connecting to other servers.
 # <https://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#smtp_tls_servername>
 smtp_tls_servername = hostname
@@ -53,15 +53,19 @@ smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, RC4, MD5, DES
 # See <https://www.postfix.org/FORWARD_SECRECY_README.html#server_fs>.
 tls_preempt_cipherlist = yes

-smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
-myhostname = {{ config.mail_domain }}
+# Reject by default, override per smtpd in master.cf
+smtpd_relay_restrictions = reject
+myhostname = {{ config.postfix_myhostname }}
 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
 alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases

-# Postfix does not deliver mail for any domain by itself.
-# Primary domain is listed in `virtual_mailbox_domains` instead
-# and handed over to Dovecot.
-mydestination =
+# When postfix receives mail for $mydestination,
+# it hands it over to dovecot via $local_transport.
+# Note: IP literals must be handled via local delivery / mydestination.
+mydestination = {{ config.mail_domain }}
+local_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
+# postfix doesn't check whether local users exist or not:
+local_recipient_maps =

 relayhost = 
 {% if disable_ipv6 %}
@@ -69,15 +73,6 @@ mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
 {% else %}
 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
 {% endif %}
-{% if config.addr_v4 %}
-smtp_bind_address = {{ config.addr_v4 }}
-{% endif %}
-{% if config.addr_v6 %}
-smtp_bind_address6 = {{ config.addr_v6 }}
-{% endif %}
-{% if config.addr_v4 or config.addr_v6 %}
-smtp_bind_address_enforce = yes
-{% endif %}
 mailbox_size_limit = 0
 message_size_limit = {{config.max_message_size}}
 recipient_delimiter = +
@@ -88,10 +83,16 @@ inet_protocols = ipv4
 inet_protocols = all
 {% endif %}

-virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
-virtual_mailbox_domains = {{ config.mail_domain }}
 lmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/lmtp_header_cleanup

+# Do not apply header checks to MIME headers
+# and other headers that are actually part of the message body.
+# Reference:
+# <https://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#disable_mime_input_processing>
+# <https://www.postfix.org/header_checks.5.html>
+# <https://stump.io/blog/2020/11/29/a-little-gotcha-with-postfixs-header_checks/>
+disable_mime_input_processing = yes
+
 mua_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
 mua_sender_restrictions = reject_sender_login_mismatch, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
 mua_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, permit
@@ -102,3 +103,35 @@ smtpd_sender_login_maps = regexp:/etc/postfix/login_map
 # Do not lookup SMTP client hostnames to reduce delays
 # and avoid unnecessary DNS requests.
 smtpd_peername_lookup = no
+
+# Use filtermail-transport to relay messages.
+# We can't force postfix to split messages per destination,
+# when specifying a custom next-hop,
+# so instead this is handled in filtermail.
+# We use LMTP instead SMTP so we can communicate per-recipient errors back to postfix.
+default_transport = lmtp-filtermail:inet:[127.0.0.1]:{{ config.filtermail_lmtp_port_transport }}
+
+# All deliveries over lmtp-filtermail are treated
+# as having the same destination [127.0.0.1],
+# so it is not possible to limit per-destination concurrency here,
+# it is a job for filtermail-transport.
+# Total number of parallel deliveries is limited
+# by "maxproc" column in /etc/postfix/master.cf for lmtp-filtermail.
+# Settings below are to prevent Postfix queue manager
+# from limiting the number of LMTP connections to filtermail-transport.
+# Read <https://www.postfix.org/TUNING_README.html#rope> and
+# <https://www.postfix.org/SCHEDULER_README.html> for the details
+# of the Postfix algorithm that we effectively disable here.
+lmtp-filtermail_initial_destination_concurrency=10000
+lmtp-filtermail_destination_concurrency_limit=10000
+
+# Do not try to deliver messages for more than 2 days.
+maximal_queue_lifetime = 2d
+
+{% if not config.ipv4_relay %}
+# DKIM-sign locally generated mail (bounces, DSNs).
+# These bypass smtpd, so they need explicit milter configuration.
+non_smtpd_milters = unix:opendkim/opendkim.sock
+internal_mail_filter_classes = bounce
+milter_macro_daemon_name = ORIGINATING
+{% endif %}
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ smtp      inet  n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols=>=TLSv1.2
  -o smtpd_proxy_filter=127.0.0.1:{{ config.filtermail_smtp_port_incoming }}
-submission inet n       -       y       -       5000    smtpd
+  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=reject_unauth_destination
+submission inet n       -       y       -       {{ config.max_smtp_connections }}    smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols=>=TLSv1.3
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ submission inet n       -       y       -       5000    smtpd
  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-  -o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=1000
+  -o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit={{ config.max_smtp_connections // 5 }}
  -o smtpd_proxy_filter=127.0.0.1:{{ config.filtermail_smtp_port }}
-smtps     inet  n       -       y       -       5000    smtpd
+smtps     inet  n       -       y       -       {{ config.max_smtp_connections }}    smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ smtps     inet  n       -       y       -       5000    smtpd
  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-  -o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=1000
+  -o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit={{ config.max_smtp_connections // 5 }}
  -o smtpd_proxy_filter=127.0.0.1:{{ config.filtermail_smtp_port }}
 #628       inet  n       -       y       -       -       qmqpd
 pickup    unix  n       -       y       60      1       pickup
@@ -75,17 +76,19 @@ lmtp      unix  -       -       y       -       -       lmtp
 anvil     unix  -       -       y       -       1       anvil
 scache    unix  -       -       y       -       1       scache
 postlog   unix-dgram n  -       n       -       1       postlogd
-filter    unix -        n       n       -       -       lmtp
 # Local SMTP server for reinjecting outgoing filtered mail.
 127.0.0.1:{{ config.postfix_reinject_port }} inet  n       -       n       -       100      smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/reinject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-  -o smtpd_milters=unix:opendkim/opendkim.sock
  -o cleanup_service_name=authclean
+  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
+{% if not config.ipv4_relay %}  -o smtpd_milters=unix:opendkim/opendkim.sock
+{% endif %}

 # Local SMTP server for reinjecting incoming filtered mail 
 127.0.0.1:{{ config.postfix_reinject_port_incoming }} inet  n       -       n       -       100      smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/reinject_incoming
+  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=reject_unauth_destination

 # Cleanup `Received` headers for authenticated mail
 # to avoid leaking client IP.
@@ -100,3 +103,16 @@ filter    unix -        n       n       -       -       lmtp
 # cannot send unprotected Subject.
 authclean unix  n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
  -o header_checks=regexp:/etc/postfix/submission_header_cleanup
+
+# Reducing `maxproc` here may result in a head of line blocking
+# when there are many messages sent to unreachable destinations
+# at the same time.
+# LMTP clients here talk to filtermail-transport.
+# LMTP has no pipelining,
+# so while filtermail-transport tries to deliver the message,
+# possibly waiting for a long connection timeout
+# or talking to a slow server, LMTP client cannot be reused.
+lmtp-filtermail unix  -       -       y       -       500       lmtp
+  -o syslog_name=postfix/lmtp-filtermail
+  -o lmtp_header_checks=
+  -o lmtp_tls_security_level=none
@@ -57,27 +57,32 @@ def get_dkim_entry(mail_domain, pre_command, dkim_selector):
    dkim_value_raw = f"v=DKIM1;k=rsa;p={dkim_pubkey};s=email;t=s"
    dkim_value = '" "'.join(re.findall(".{1,255}", dkim_value_raw))
    web_dkim_value = "".join(re.findall(".{1,255}", dkim_value_raw))
+    name = f"{dkim_selector}._domainkey.{mail_domain}."
    return (
-        f'{dkim_selector}._domainkey.{mail_domain}.  3600  IN  TXT  "{dkim_value}"',
-        f'{dkim_selector}._domainkey.{mail_domain}.  3600  IN  TXT  "{web_dkim_value}"',
+        f'{name:<40} 3600   IN  TXT    "{dkim_value}"',
+        f'{name:<40} 3600   IN  TXT    "{web_dkim_value}"',
    )


-def query_dns(typ, domain):
-    # Get autoritative nameserver from the SOA record.
-    soa_answers = [
+def get_authoritative_ns(domain):
+    ns_replies = [
        x.split()
        for x in shell(
-            f"dig -r -q {domain} -t SOA +noall +authority +answer", print=log_progress
+            f"dig -r -q {domain} -t NS +noall +authority +answer", print=log_progress
        ).split("\n")
    ]
-    soa = [a for a in soa_answers if len(a) >= 3 and a[3] == "SOA"]
-    if not soa:
+    filtered_replies = [a for a in ns_replies if len(a) >= 5 and a[3] == "NS"]
+    if not filtered_replies:
        return
-    ns = soa[0][4]
+    return filtered_replies[0][4]
+
+
+def query_dns(typ, domain):
+    ns = get_authoritative_ns(domain)

    # Query authoritative nameserver directly to bypass DNS cache.
-    res = shell(f"dig @{ns} -r -q {domain} -t {typ} +short", print=log_progress)
+    direct_ns = f"@{ns}" if ns else ""
+    res = shell(f"dig {direct_ns} -r -q {domain} -t {typ} +short", print=log_progress)
    return next((line for line in res.split("\n") if not line.startswith(";")), "")


@@ -94,11 +99,9 @@ def check_zonefile(zonefile, verbose=True):
        if not zf_line.strip() or zf_line.startswith(";"):
            continue
        print(f"dns-checking {zf_line!r}") if verbose else log_progress("")
-        parts = zf_line.split(None, 4)
-        zf_domain = parts[0].rstrip(".")
-        # parts[1]=TTL, parts[2]=IN, parts[3]=type, parts[4]=rdata
-        zf_typ = parts[3]
-        zf_value = parts[4].strip()
+        zf_domain, _ttl, _in, zf_typ, zf_value = zf_line.split(None, 4)
+        zf_domain = zf_domain.rstrip(".")
+        zf_value = zf_value.strip()
        query_value = query_dns(zf_typ, zf_domain)
        if zf_value != query_value:
            assert zf_typ in ("A", "AAAA", "CNAME", "CAA", "SRV", "MX", "TXT"), zf_line
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import shlex

-from pyinfra.operations import apt, server
+from pyinfra.operations import server

-from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer
+from ..basedeploy import Deployer


 def openssl_selfsigned_args(domain, cert_path, key_path, days=36500):
@@ -12,27 +12,15 @@ def openssl_selfsigned_args(domain, cert_path, key_path, days=36500):
    ``www.<domain>`` and ``mta-sts.<domain>``.
    """
    return [
-        "openssl",
-        "req",
-        "-x509",
-        "-newkey",
-        "ec",
-        "-pkeyopt",
-        "ec_paramgen_curve:P-256",
-        "-noenc",
-        "-days",
-        str(days),
-        "-keyout",
-        str(key_path),
-        "-out",
-        str(cert_path),
-        "-subj",
-        f"/CN={domain}",
+        "openssl", "req", "-x509",
+        "-newkey", "ec", "-pkeyopt", "ec_paramgen_curve:P-256",
+        "-noenc", "-days", str(days),
+        "-keyout", str(key_path),
+        "-out", str(cert_path),
+        "-subj", f"/CN={domain}",
        # Mark as end-entity cert so it cannot be used as a CA to sign others.
-        "-addext",
-        "basicConstraints=critical,CA:FALSE",
-        "-addext",
-        "extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth",
+        "-addext", "basicConstraints=critical,CA:FALSE",
+        "-addext", "extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth",
        "-addext",
        f"subjectAltName=DNS:{domain},DNS:www.{domain},DNS:mta-sts.{domain}",
    ]
@@ -46,17 +34,11 @@ class SelfSignedTlsDeployer(Deployer):
        self.cert_path = "/etc/ssl/certs/mailserver.pem"
        self.key_path = "/etc/ssl/private/mailserver.key"

-    def install(self):
-        apt.packages(
-            name="Install openssl",
-            packages=["openssl"],
-        )
+

    def configure(self):
        args = openssl_selfsigned_args(
-            self.mail_domain,
-            self.cert_path,
-            self.key_path,
+            self.mail_domain, self.cert_path, self.key_path,
        )
        cmd = shlex.join(args)
        server.shell(
@@ -66,3 +48,5 @@ class SelfSignedTlsDeployer(Deployer):

    def activate(self):
        pass
+
+
@@ -49,13 +49,8 @@ class SSHExec:
    RemoteError = execnet.RemoteError
    FuncError = FuncError

-    def __init__(
-        self, host, verbose=False, python="python3", timeout=60, ssh_config=None
-    ):
-        spec = f"ssh=root@{host}//python={python}"
-        if ssh_config:
-            spec += f"//ssh_config={ssh_config}"
-        self.gateway = execnet.makegateway(spec)
+    def __init__(self, host, verbose=False, python="python3", timeout=60):
+        self.gateway = execnet.makegateway(f"ssh=root@{host}//python={python}")
        self._remote_cmdloop_channel = bootstrap_remote(self.gateway, remote)
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.verbose = verbose
@@ -92,9 +87,8 @@ class SSHExec:
 class LocalExec:
    FuncError = FuncError

-    def __init__(self, verbose=False, docker=False):
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False):
        self.verbose = verbose
-        self.docker = docker

    def __call__(self, call, kwargs=None, log_callback=None):
        if kwargs is None:
@@ -106,10 +100,6 @@ class LocalExec:
        if not title:
            title = call.__name__
        where = "locally"
-        if self.docker:
-            if call == remote.rdns.perform_initial_checks:
-                kwargs["pre_command"] = "docker exec chatmail "
-                where = "in docker"
        if self.verbose:
            print_stderr(f"Running {where}: {title}(**{kwargs})")
            return self(call, kwargs, log_callback=print_stderr)
@@ -118,46 +108,3 @@ class LocalExec:
            res = self(call, kwargs, log_callback=remote.rshell.log_progress)
            print_stderr()
            return res
-
-
-# pyinfra exposes a ``ssh_config_file`` data key that *should* let
-# paramiko parse an SSH config file directly.  In practice it silently
-# fails to connect (zero hosts / zero operations), so we resolve the
-# hostname and identity-file ourselves and pass them via
-# ``--data ssh_hostname`` / ``--data ssh_key`` instead.
-# Execnet uses ssh natively (and not paramiko) and doesn't have this problem.
-
-
-def _get_from_ssh_config(host, ssh_config_path, key):
-    """Internal helper to parse a value for a specific key from ssh-config."""
-    current_hosts = []
-    found_value = None
-    with open(ssh_config_path) as f:
-        for raw_line in f:
-            line = raw_line.strip()
-            if not line or line.startswith("#"):
-                continue
-            parts = line.split(None, 1)
-            if not parts:
-                continue
-            directive = parts[0].lower()
-            if directive == "host":
-                if host in current_hosts and found_value:
-                    return found_value
-                current_hosts = parts[1].split()
-                found_value = None
-            elif directive == key.lower():
-                found_value = parts[1]
-    if host in current_hosts and found_value:
-        return found_value
-    return None
-
-
-def resolve_host_from_ssh_config(host, ssh_config_path):
-    """Resolve a host alias to its IP from an ssh-config file."""
-    return _get_from_ssh_config(host, ssh_config_path, "Hostname") or host
-
-
-def resolve_key_from_ssh_config(host, ssh_config_path):
-    """Resolve a host alias to its IdentityFile from an ssh-config file."""
-    return _get_from_ssh_config(host, ssh_config_path, "IdentityFile")
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 ; Required DNS entries
-zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  A  135.181.204.127
-zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  AAAA  2a01:4f9:c012:52f4::1
-zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  MX  10 zftest.testrun.org.
-_mta-sts.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  TXT  "v=STSv1; id=202403211706"
-mta-sts.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  CNAME  zftest.testrun.org.
-www.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  CNAME  zftest.testrun.org.
-opendkim._domainkey.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  TXT  "v=DKIM1;k=rsa;p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAoYt82CVUyz2ouaqjX2kB+5J80knAyoOU3MGU5aWppmwUwwTvj/oSTSpkc5JMtVTRmKKr8NUDWAL1Yw7dfGqqPHdHfwwjS3BIvDzYx+hzgtz62RnfNgV+/2MAoNpfX7cAFIHdRzEHNtwugc3RDLquqPoupAE3Y2YRw2T5zG5fILh4vwIcJZL5Uq6B92j8wwJqOex" "33n+vm1NKQ9rxo/UsHAmZlJzpooXcG/4igTBxJyJlamVSRR6N7Nul1v//YJb7J6v2o0iPHW6uE0StzKaPPNC2IVosSRFbD9H2oqppltptFSNPlI0E+t0JBWHem6YK7xcugiO3ImMCaaU8g6Jt/wIDAQAB;s=email;t=s"
+zftest.testrun.org.                      3600   IN  A      135.181.204.127
+zftest.testrun.org.                      3600   IN  AAAA   2a01:4f9:c012:52f4::1
+zftest.testrun.org.                      3600   IN  MX     10 zftest.testrun.org.
+_mta-sts.zftest.testrun.org.             3600   IN  TXT    "v=STSv1; id=202403211706"
+mta-sts.zftest.testrun.org.              3600   IN  CNAME  zftest.testrun.org.
+www.zftest.testrun.org.                  3600   IN  CNAME  zftest.testrun.org.
+opendkim._domainkey.zftest.testrun.org.  3600   IN  TXT    "v=DKIM1;k=rsa;p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAoYt82CVUyz2ouaqjX2kB+5J80knAyoOU3MGU5aWppmwUwwTvj/oSTSpkc5JMtVTRmKKr8NUDWAL1Yw7dfGqqPHdHfwwjS3BIvDzYx+hzgtz62RnfNgV+/2MAoNpfX7cAFIHdRzEHNtwugc3RDLquqPoupAE3Y2YRw2T5zG5fILh4vwIcJZL5Uq6B92j8wwJqOex" "33n+vm1NKQ9rxo/UsHAmZlJzpooXcG/4igTBxJyJlamVSRR6N7Nul1v//YJb7J6v2o0iPHW6uE0StzKaPPNC2IVosSRFbD9H2oqppltptFSNPlI0E+t0JBWHem6YK7xcugiO3ImMCaaU8g6Jt/wIDAQAB;s=email;t=s"

 ; Recommended DNS entries
-zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  TXT  "v=spf1 a ~all"
-_dmarc.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  TXT  "v=DMARC1;p=reject;adkim=s;aspf=s"
-zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  CAA  0 issue "letsencrypt.org;accounturi=https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/acct/1371472956"
-_adsp._domainkey.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  TXT  "dkim=discardable"
-_submission._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 587 zftest.testrun.org.
-_submissions._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 465 zftest.testrun.org.
-_imap._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 143 zftest.testrun.org.
-_imaps._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.  3600  IN  SRV  0 1 993 zftest.testrun.org.
+zftest.testrun.org.                      3600   IN  TXT    "v=spf1 a ~all"
+_dmarc.zftest.testrun.org.               3600   IN  TXT    "v=DMARC1;p=reject;adkim=s;aspf=s"
+zftest.testrun.org.                      3600   IN  CAA    0 issue "letsencrypt.org;accounturi=https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/acct/1371472956"
+_adsp._domainkey.zftest.testrun.org.     3600   IN  TXT    "dkim=discardable"
+_submission._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.     3600   IN  SRV    0 1 587 zftest.testrun.org.
+_submissions._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.    3600   IN  SRV    0 1 465 zftest.testrun.org.
+_imap._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.           3600   IN  SRV    0 1 143 zftest.testrun.org.
+_imaps._tcp.zftest.testrun.org.          3600   IN  SRV    0 1 993 zftest.testrun.org.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def test_init(tmp_path, maildomain):
    inipath = tmp_path.joinpath("chatmail.ini")
    main(["init", "--config", str(inipath), maildomain])
    config = read_config(inipath)
-    assert config.mail_domain == maildomain
+    assert config.mail_domain_bare == maildomain


 def test_capabilities(imap):
@@ -89,12 +89,11 @@ def test_concurrent_logins_same_account(
        assert login_results.get()


-def test_no_vrfy(cmfactory, chatmail_config):
+def test_no_vrfy(cmfactory, chatmail_config, maildomain):
    ac = cmfactory.get_online_account()
    addr = ac.get_config("addr")
-    domain = chatmail_config.mail_domain

-    s = smtplib.SMTP(domain)
+    s = smtplib.SMTP(maildomain)
    s.starttls()

    s.putcmd("vrfy", f"wrongaddress@{chatmail_config.mail_domain}")
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def test_fastcgi_working(maildomain, chatmail_config):


@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning")
-def test_newemail_configure(maildomain, maildomain_ip, rpc, chatmail_config):
+def test_newemail_configure(maildomain, rpc, chatmail_config):
    """Test configuring accounts by scanning a QR code works."""
    url = f"DCACCOUNT:https://{maildomain}/new"
    for i in range(3):
@@ -30,15 +30,12 @@ def test_newemail_configure(maildomain, maildomain_ip, rpc, chatmail_config):
            # set_config_from_qr, so fetch credentials via requests instead
            res = requests.post(f"https://{maildomain}/new", verify=False)
            data = res.json()
-            rpc.add_or_update_transport(
-                account_id,
-                {
-                    "addr": data["email"],
-                    "password": data["password"],
-                    "imapServer": maildomain_ip,
-                    "smtpServer": maildomain_ip,
-                    "certificateChecks": "acceptInvalidCertificates",
-                },
-            )
+            rpc.add_or_update_transport(account_id, {
+                "addr": data["email"],
+                "password": data["password"],
+                "imapServer": maildomain,
+                "smtpServer": maildomain,
+                "certificateChecks": "acceptInvalidCertificates",
+            })
        else:
            rpc.add_transport_from_qr(account_id, url)
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import subprocess
 import time

 import pytest
+from chatmaild.config import is_valid_ipv4

 from cmdeploy import remote
 from cmdeploy.cmdeploy import get_sshexec
@@ -12,9 +13,8 @@ from cmdeploy.cmdeploy import get_sshexec

 class TestSSHExecutor:
    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def sshexec(self, sshdomain, pytestconfig):
-        ssh_config = pytestconfig.getoption("ssh_config")
-        return get_sshexec(sshdomain, ssh_config=ssh_config)
+    def sshexec(self, sshdomain):
+        return get_sshexec(sshdomain)

    def test_ls(self, sshexec):
        out = sshexec(call=remote.rdns.shell, kwargs=dict(command="ls"))
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ class TestSSHExecutor:
        assert out == out2

    def test_perform_initial(self, sshexec, maildomain):
+        if is_valid_ipv4(maildomain):
+            pytest.skip(f"{maildomain} is not a domain")
        res = sshexec(
            remote.rdns.perform_initial_checks, kwargs=dict(mail_domain=maildomain)
        )
@@ -62,8 +64,10 @@ class TestSSHExecutor:
        else:
            pytest.fail("didn't raise exception")

-    def test_opendkim_restarted(self, sshexec):
+    def test_opendkim_restarted(self, sshexec, maildomain):
        """check that opendkim is not running for longer than a day."""
+        if is_valid_ipv4(maildomain):
+            pytest.skip(f"{maildomain} is an IPv4 relay, opendkim is not installed")
        cmd = "systemctl show opendkim --timestamp=utc --property=ActiveEnterTimestamp"
        out = sshexec(call=remote.rshell.shell, kwargs=dict(command=cmd))
        datestring = out.split("=")[1]
@@ -72,6 +76,44 @@ class TestSSHExecutor:
        assert (now - since_date).total_seconds() < 60 * 60 * 51


+def test_dovecot_main_process_matches_installed_binary(sshdomain):
+    sshexec = get_sshexec(sshdomain)
+    main_pid = int(
+        sshexec(
+            call=remote.rshell.shell,
+            kwargs=dict(
+                command="timeout 10 systemctl show -p MainPID --value dovecot.service"
+            ),
+        ).strip()
+    )
+    assert main_pid != 0, "dovecot.service MainPID is 0 -- service not running?"
+
+    exe = sshexec(
+        call=remote.rshell.shell,
+        kwargs=dict(command=f"timeout 10 readlink /proc/{main_pid}/exe"),
+    ).strip()
+    status_text = sshexec(
+        call=remote.rshell.shell,
+        kwargs=dict(
+            command="timeout 10 systemctl show -p StatusText --value dovecot.service"
+        ),
+    ).strip()
+    installed_version = sshexec(
+        call=remote.rshell.shell, kwargs=dict(command="timeout 10 dovecot --version")
+    ).strip()
+
+    assert not exe.endswith("(deleted)"), (
+        f"running dovecot binary was deleted (stale after upgrade): {exe}"
+    )
+    expected_status_text = f"v{installed_version}"
+    assert status_text == expected_status_text or status_text.startswith(
+        f"{expected_status_text} "
+    ), (
+        f"dovecot status version mismatch: "
+        f"StatusText={status_text!r}, installed={installed_version!r}"
+    )
+
+
 def test_timezone_env(remote):
    for line in remote.iter_output("env"):
        print(line)
@@ -133,10 +175,11 @@ def test_authenticated_from(cmsetup, maildata):
@pytest.mark.parametrize("from_addr", ["fake@example.org", "fake@testrun.org"])
 def test_reject_missing_dkim(cmsetup, maildata, from_addr):
    domain = cmsetup.maildomain
+    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    sock.settimeout(10)
    try:
-        sock = socket.create_connection((domain, 25), timeout=10)
-        sock.close()
-    except (socket.timeout, OSError):
+        sock.connect((domain, 25))
+    except socket.timeout:
        pytest.skip(f"port 25 not reachable for {domain}")

    recipient = cmsetup.gen_users(1)[0]
@@ -151,6 +194,34 @@ def test_reject_missing_dkim(cmsetup, maildata, from_addr):
            s.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=recipient.addr, msg=msg)


+def test_bounces_are_dkim_signed(cmsetup, cmsetup2, maildata, maildomain):
+    # we send a message to non-existant user and expect a bounce message
+    # which will only get through if the bounce message was DKIM-signed
+
+    if is_valid_ipv4(maildomain):
+        pytest.skip("DKIM is not configured on IPv4-only relays")
+
+    sender = cmsetup2.gen_users(1)[0]
+    nonexistent = f"nosuchuser_test42@{cmsetup.maildomain}"
+
+    msg = maildata(
+        "encrypted.eml",
+        from_addr=sender.addr,
+        to_addr=nonexistent,
+    ).as_string()
+    sender.smtp.sendmail(sender.addr, [nonexistent], msg)
+
+    def bounce_in_inbox():
+        messages = sender.imap.fetch_all_messages()
+        for m in messages:
+            if "mail delivery" in m.lower() or "undelivered" in m.lower():
+                return m
+        raise ValueError("bounce not yet in inbox")
+
+    bounce = try_n_times(30, bounce_in_inbox)
+    assert "nosuchuser_test42" in bounce
+
+
 def try_n_times(n, f):
    for _ in range(n - 1):
        try:
@@ -183,7 +254,6 @@ def test_rewrite_subject(cmsetup, maildata):
    assert "Subject: Unencrypted subject" not in rcvd_msg


-@pytest.mark.slow
 def test_exceed_rate_limit(cmsetup, gencreds, maildata, chatmail_config):
    """Test that the per-account send-mail limit is exceeded."""
    user1, user2 = cmsetup.gen_users(2)
@@ -206,7 +276,6 @@ def test_exceed_rate_limit(cmsetup, gencreds, maildata, chatmail_config):
    pytest.fail("Rate limit was not exceeded")


-@pytest.mark.slow
 def test_expunged(remote, chatmail_config):
    outdated_days = int(chatmail_config.delete_mails_after) + 1
    find_cmds = [
@@ -245,3 +314,15 @@ def test_deployed_state(remote):
    # assert len(git_status) == len(remote_version)  # for some reason, we only get 11 lines from remote.iter_output()
    for i in range(len(remote_version)):
        assert git_status[i] == remote_version[i], "You have undeployed changes."
+
+
+def test_nginx_access_log_only_defined_once(sshdomain):
+    sshexec = get_sshexec(sshdomain)
+    conf = sshexec(
+        call=remote.rshell.shell,
+        kwargs=dict(command="nginx -T 2>/dev/null"),
+    )
+    access_logs = [l for l in conf.splitlines() if l.strip().startswith("access_log")]
+    assert len(access_logs) == 1, (
+        f"expected 1 access_log, found {len(access_logs)}: {access_logs}"
+    )
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import ipaddress
+import json
 import re
 import time

 import imap_tools
 import pytest
 import requests
+from chatmaild.tests.test_appversions import check_appversions

 from cmdeploy.cmdeploy import get_sshexec
 from cmdeploy.remote import rshell
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ def imap_mailbox(cmfactory, ssl_context):
    (ac1,) = cmfactory.get_online_accounts(1)
    user = ac1.get_config("addr")
    password = ac1.get_config("mail_pw")
-    host = user.split("@")[1]
+    host = user.split("@")[1].strip("[").strip("]")
    mailbox = imap_tools.MailBox(host, ssl_context=ssl_context)
    mailbox.login(user, password)
    mailbox.dc_ac = ac1
@@ -51,6 +53,17 @@ class TestMetadataTokens:
        assert res == b"1111 2222"
        assert b"Getmetadata completed" in client.readline()

+    def test_get_appversions(self, imap_mailbox):
+        "get app version information shipped with the relay"
+        client = imap_mailbox.client
+        client.send(b'a01 GETMETADATA "" /shared/vendor/deltachat/appversions\n')
+        res = client.readline()
+        assert res[:1] == b"*"
+        res = client.readline().strip().rstrip(b")")
+        # the served value is a single line and passes the shipped file's schema
+        check_appversions(json.loads(res))
+        assert b"Getmetadata completed" in client.readline()
+

 class TestEndToEndDeltaChat:
    "Tests that use Delta Chat accounts on the chat mail instance."
@@ -67,7 +80,7 @@ class TestEndToEndDeltaChat:
        assert msg2.get_snapshot().text == "message0"

    def test_exceed_quota(
-        self, cmfactory, lp, tmpdir, remote, chatmail_config, sshdomain, pytestconfig
+        self, cmfactory, lp, tmpdir, remote, chatmail_config, sshdomain
    ):
        """This is a very slow test as it needs to upload >100MB of mail data
        before quota is exceeded, and thus depends on the speed of the upload.
@@ -92,9 +105,7 @@ class TestEndToEndDeltaChat:
        lp.sec(f"filling remote inbox for {user}")
        fn = f"7743102289.M843172P2484002.c20,S={quota},W=2398:2,"
        path = chatmail_config.mailboxes_dir.joinpath(user, "cur", fn)
-        sshexec = get_sshexec(
-            sshdomain, ssh_config=pytestconfig.getoption("ssh_config")
-        )
+        sshexec = get_sshexec(sshdomain)
        sshexec(call=rshell.write_numbytes, kwargs=dict(path=str(path), num=120))
        res = sshexec(call=rshell.dovecot_recalc_quota, kwargs=dict(user=user))
        assert res["percent"] >= 100
@@ -180,7 +191,7 @@ def test_hide_senders_ip_address(cmfactory, ssl_context):
    chat.send_text("testing submission header cleanup")
    user2.wait_for_incoming_msg()
    addr = user2.get_config("addr")
-    host = addr.split("@")[1]
+    host = addr.split("@")[1].strip("[").strip("]")
    pw = user2.get_config("mail_pw")
    mailbox = imap_tools.MailBox(host, ssl_context=ssl_context)
    mailbox.login(addr, pw)
@@ -3,15 +3,12 @@ import os
 from cmdeploy.cmdeploy import main


-def test_status_cmd(chatmail_config, capsys, request, pytestconfig):
+def test_status_cmd(chatmail_config, capsys, request):
    os.chdir(request.config.invocation_params.dir)
    command = ["status"]
-    ssh_host = pytestconfig.getoption("ssh_host")
-    if ssh_host:
-        command.extend(["--ssh-host", ssh_host])
-    ssh_config = pytestconfig.getoption("ssh_config")
-    if ssh_config:
-        command.extend(["--ssh-config", ssh_config])
+    if os.getenv("CHATMAIL_SSH"):
+        command.append("--ssh-host")
+        command.append(os.getenv("CHATMAIL_SSH"))
    assert main(command) == 0
    status_out = capsys.readouterr()
    print(status_out.out)
@@ -2,96 +2,25 @@ import imaplib
 import itertools
 import os
 import random
-import re
 import smtplib
-import socket
 import ssl
 import subprocess
 import time
 from pathlib import Path

 import pytest
-from chatmaild.config import read_config
+from chatmaild.config import is_valid_ipv4, read_config
+
+
+def format_mail_domain(raw_domain: str) -> str:
+    if is_valid_ipv4(raw_domain):
+        return f"[{raw_domain}]"
+    return raw_domain
+

 conftestdir = Path(__file__).parent


-def pytest_addoption(parser):
-    parser.addoption(
-        "--slow", action="store_true", default=False, help="also run slow tests"
-    )
-    parser.addoption(
-        "--ssh-host",
-        dest="ssh_host",
-        default=None,
-        help="SSH host (overrides mail_domain for SSH operations).",
-    )
-    parser.addoption(
-        "--ssh-config",
-        dest="ssh_config",
-        default=None,
-        help="Path to an SSH config file (e.g. lxconfigs/ssh-config).",
-    )
-
-
-def _parse_ssh_config_hosts(path):
-    """Parse an OpenSSH config file and return a dict of hostname -> IP."""
-    mapping = {}
-    current_names = []
-    for ln in Path(path).read_text().splitlines():
-        line = ln.strip()
-        m = re.match(r"^Host\s+(.+)", line)
-        if m:
-            current_names = m.group(1).split()
-            continue
-        m = re.match(r"^Hostname\s+(\S+)", line)
-        if m and current_names:
-            ip = m.group(1)
-            for name in current_names:
-                mapping[name] = ip
-            current_names = []
-    return mapping
-
-
-_original_getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo
-
-
-def _make_patched_getaddrinfo(host_map):
-    """Return a getaddrinfo that resolves hosts in host_map to their IPs."""
-
-    def patched_getaddrinfo(host, port, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0):
-        if host in host_map:
-            ip = host_map[host]
-            return _original_getaddrinfo(ip, port, family, type, proto, flags)
-        return _original_getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags)
-
-    return patched_getaddrinfo
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True, scope="session")
-def _setup_localchat_dns(pytestconfig):
-    """Monkey-patch socket.getaddrinfo to resolve .localchat via ssh-config."""
-    ssh_config = pytestconfig.getoption("ssh_config")
-    if not ssh_config or not Path(ssh_config).exists():
-        yield {}
-        return
-    host_map = _parse_ssh_config_hosts(ssh_config)
-    if not host_map:
-        yield {}
-        return
-    socket.getaddrinfo = _make_patched_getaddrinfo(host_map)
-    try:
-        yield host_map
-    finally:
-        socket.getaddrinfo = _original_getaddrinfo
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def ssh_config_host_map(_setup_localchat_dns):
-    """Return the host-name → IP map parsed from ssh-config."""
-    return _setup_localchat_dns
-
-
 def pytest_configure(config):
    config._benchresults = {}
    config.addinivalue_line(
@@ -99,19 +28,12 @@ def pytest_configure(config):
    )


-def pytest_runtest_setup(item):
-    markers = list(item.iter_markers(name="slow"))
-    if markers:
-        if not item.config.getoption("--slow"):
-            pytest.skip("skipping slow test, use --slow to run")
-
-
 def _get_chatmail_config():
-    ini = os.environ.get("CHATMAIL_INI")
-    if ini:
-        path = Path(ini).resolve()
-        if path.exists():
-            return read_config(path), path
+    inipath = os.environ.get("CHATMAIL_INI")
+    if inipath:
+        path = Path(inipath).resolve()
+        return read_config(path), path
+
    current = Path().resolve()
    while 1:
        path = current.joinpath("chatmail.ini").resolve()
@@ -134,18 +56,12 @@ def chatmail_config(pytestconfig):

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def maildomain(chatmail_config):
-    return chatmail_config.mail_domain
+    return chatmail_config.mail_domain_bare


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def sshdomain(maildomain, pytestconfig):
-    return pytestconfig.getoption("ssh_host") or maildomain
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def maildomain_ip(maildomain, ssh_config_host_map):
-    """Return the IP for maildomain from ssh-config, or maildomain itself."""
-    return ssh_config_host_map.get(maildomain, maildomain)
+def sshdomain(maildomain):
+    return os.environ.get("CHATMAIL_SSH", maildomain)


@pytest.fixture
@@ -389,37 +305,26 @@ from deltachat_rpc_client import DeltaChat, Rpc
 class ChatmailACFactory:
    """RPC-based account factory for chatmail testing."""

-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        rpc,
-        maildomain,
-        maildomain_ip,
-        gencreds,
-        chatmail_config,
-        ssh_config_host_map,
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, rpc, maildomain, gencreds, chatmail_config):
        self.dc = DeltaChat(rpc)
        self.rpc = rpc
        self._maildomain = maildomain
-        self._maildomain_ip = maildomain_ip
        self.gencreds = gencreds
        self.chatmail_config = chatmail_config
-        self._ssh_config_host_map = ssh_config_host_map

    def _make_transport(self, domain):
        """Build a transport config dict for the given domain."""
-        addr, password = self.gencreds(domain)
+        domain_deliverable = format_mail_domain(domain)
+        addr, password = self.gencreds(domain_deliverable)
        transport = {
            "addr": addr,
            "password": password,
+            # Setting server explicitly skips requesting autoconfig XML,
+            # see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-mailmaint-autoconfig/
+            "imapServer": domain,
+            "smtpServer": domain,
        }
-        # To support running against local relays without host DNS resolution
-        # we attempt resolving the domain via ssh-config
-        # because otherwise core fails to find the address
-        server = self._ssh_config_host_map.get(domain)
-        if server is not None:
-            transport.update({"imapServer": server, "smtpServer": server})
-        if self.chatmail_config.tls_cert_mode == "self":
+        if domain.startswith("_") or is_valid_ipv4(domain):
            transport["certificateChecks"] = "acceptInvalidCertificates"
        return transport

@@ -434,14 +339,28 @@ class ChatmailACFactory:
        accounts = []
        for _ in range(num):
            account = self.dc.add_account()
-            future = account.add_or_update_transport.future(
-                self._make_transport(domain)
-            )
+            domain_deliverable = format_mail_domain(domain)
+            addr, password = self.gencreds(domain_deliverable)
+            if is_valid_ipv4(domain):
+                # Use DCLOGIN scheme with explicit server hosts,
+                # matching how madmail presents its addresses to users.
+                qr = (
+                    f"dclogin:{addr}"
+                    f"?p={password}&v=1"
+                    f"&ih={domain}&ip=993&is=ssl"
+                    f"&sh={domain}&sp=465&ss=ssl"
+                    f"&ic=3"
+                )
+                future = account.add_transport_from_qr.future(qr)
+            else:
+                future = account.add_or_update_transport.future(
+                    self._make_transport(domain)
+                )
            futures.append(future)

            # ensure messages stay in INBOX so that they can be
            # concurrently fetched via extra IMAP connections during tests
-            account.set_config("delete_server_after", "10")
+            account.set_config("bcc_self", "1")
            accounts.append(account)

        for future in futures:
@@ -471,46 +390,35 @@ def rpc(tmp_path_factory):


@pytest.fixture
-def cmfactory(
-    rpc, gencreds, maildomain, maildomain_ip, chatmail_config, ssh_config_host_map
-):
+def cmfactory(rpc, gencreds, maildomain, chatmail_config):
    """Return a ChatmailACFactory for creating online Delta Chat accounts."""
    return ChatmailACFactory(
        rpc=rpc,
        maildomain=maildomain,
-        maildomain_ip=maildomain_ip,
        gencreds=gencreds,
        chatmail_config=chatmail_config,
-        ssh_config_host_map=ssh_config_host_map,
    )


@pytest.fixture
-def remote(sshdomain, pytestconfig):
-    r = Remote(sshdomain, ssh_config=pytestconfig.getoption("ssh_config"))
+def remote(sshdomain):
+    r = Remote(sshdomain)
    yield r
    r.close()


 class Remote:
-    def __init__(self, sshdomain, ssh_config=None):
+    def __init__(self, sshdomain):
        self.sshdomain = sshdomain
-        self.ssh_config = ssh_config
        self._procs = []

    def iter_output(self, logcmd="", ready=None):
        getjournal = "journalctl -f" if not logcmd else logcmd
        print(self.sshdomain)
-        match self.sshdomain:
-            case "@local":
-                command = []
-            case "localhost":
-                command = []
-            case _:
-                command = ["ssh"]
-                if self.ssh_config:
-                    command.extend(["-F", self.ssh_config])
-                command.append(f"root@{self.sshdomain}")
+        if self.sshdomain in ("@local", "localhost"):
+            command = []
+        else:
+            command = ["ssh", f"root@{self.sshdomain}"]
        [command.append(arg) for arg in getjournal.split()]
        popen = subprocess.Popen(
            command,
@@ -519,15 +427,19 @@ class Remote:
            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
        )
        self._procs.append(popen)
-        while 1:
-            line = popen.stdout.readline()
-            res = line.decode().strip().lower()
-            if not res:
-                break
-            if ready is not None:
-                ready()
-                ready = None
-            yield res
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                line = popen.stdout.readline()
+                res = line.decode().strip().lower()
+                if not res:
+                    break
+                if ready is not None:
+                    ready()
+                    ready = None
+                yield res
+        finally:
+            popen.terminate()
+            popen.wait()

    def close(self):
        while self._procs:
@@ -553,6 +465,11 @@ def cmsetup(maildomain, gencreds, ssl_context):
    return CMSetup(maildomain, gencreds, ssl_context)


+@pytest.fixture
+def cmsetup2(maildomain2, gencreds, ssl_context):
+    return CMSetup(maildomain2, gencreds, ssl_context)
+
+
 class CMSetup:
    def __init__(self, maildomain, gencreds, ssl_context):
        self.maildomain = maildomain
@@ -563,7 +480,7 @@ class CMSetup:
        print(f"Creating {num} online users")
        users = []
        for i in range(num):
-            addr, password = self.gencreds()
+            addr, password = self.gencreds(format_mail_domain(self.maildomain))
            user = CMUser(self.maildomain, addr, password, self.ssl_context)
            assert user.smtp
            users.append(user)
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from cmdeploy.basedeploy import Deployer
+
+
+def test_put_file_restart_and_reload():
+    deployer = Deployer()
+    mock_res = MagicMock()
+    mock_res.changed = True
+
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.files.put", return_value=mock_res):
+        deployer.put_file("foo.conf", "/etc/foo.conf")
+        assert deployer.need_restart is True
+        assert deployer.daemon_reload is False
+
+        deployer = Deployer()
+
+        deployer.put_file("test.service", "/etc/systemd/system/test.service")
+        assert deployer.need_restart is True
+        assert deployer.daemon_reload is True
+
+
+def test_remove_file():
+    deployer = Deployer()
+    mock_res = MagicMock()
+    mock_res.changed = True
+
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.files.file", return_value=mock_res) as mock_file:
+        deployer.remove_file("/etc/foo.conf")
+        mock_file.assert_called_once_with(
+            name="Remove /etc/foo.conf", path="/etc/foo.conf", present=False
+        )
+        assert deployer.need_restart is True
+
+
+def test_ensure_systemd_unit():
+    deployer = Deployer()
+    mock_res = MagicMock()
+    mock_res.changed = True
+
+    # Plain service file
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.files.put", return_value=mock_res) as mock_put:
+        deployer.ensure_systemd_unit("iroh-relay.service")
+        assert (
+            mock_put.call_args.kwargs["dest"]
+            == "/etc/systemd/system/iroh-relay.service"
+        )
+        assert deployer.need_restart is True
+        assert deployer.daemon_reload is True
+
+    deployer = Deployer()
+
+    # Template (.j2) dispatches to put_template and strips .j2 suffix
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.files.template", return_value=mock_res) as mock_tpl:
+        deployer.ensure_systemd_unit(
+            "filtermail/chatmaild.service.j2",
+            bin_path="/usr/local/bin/filtermail",
+        )
+        assert (
+            mock_tpl.call_args.kwargs["dest"] == "/etc/systemd/system/chatmaild.service"
+        )
+
+    deployer = Deployer()
+
+    # Explicit dest_name override
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.files.put", return_value=mock_res) as mock_put:
+        deployer.ensure_systemd_unit(
+            "acmetool/acmetool-reconcile.timer",
+            dest_name="acmetool-reconcile.timer",
+        )
+        assert (
+            mock_put.call_args.kwargs["dest"]
+            == "/etc/systemd/system/acmetool-reconcile.timer"
+        )
+
+
+def test_ensure_service():
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.systemd.service") as mock_svc:
+        deployer = Deployer()
+        deployer.need_restart = True
+        deployer.daemon_reload = True
+        deployer.ensure_service("nginx.service")
+        mock_svc.assert_called_once_with(
+            name="Start and enable nginx.service",
+            service="nginx.service",
+            running=True,
+            enabled=True,
+            restarted=True,
+            daemon_reload=True,
+        )
+        # daemon_reload is cleared to avoid multiple systemctl daemon-reload calls
+        # need_restart is kept to ensure all subsequent services also restart
+        assert deployer.need_restart is True
+        assert deployer.daemon_reload is False
+
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.systemd.service") as mock_svc:
+        # Stopping suppresses restarted even when need_restart is True
+        deployer = Deployer()
+        deployer.need_restart = True
+        deployer.daemon_reload = True
+        deployer.ensure_service(
+            "mta-sts-daemon.service",
+            running=False,
+            enabled=False,
+        )
+        assert mock_svc.call_args.kwargs["restarted"] is False
+        assert deployer.need_restart is True
+
+    with patch("cmdeploy.basedeploy.systemd.service") as mock_svc:
+        # Multiple calls: daemon_reload resets after first, need_restart persists
+        deployer = Deployer()
+        deployer.need_restart = True
+        deployer.daemon_reload = True
+        deployer.ensure_service("chatmaild.service")
+        deployer.ensure_service("chatmaild-metadata.service")
+        second_call = mock_svc.call_args_list[1]
+        assert second_call.kwargs["restarted"] is True
+        assert second_call.kwargs["daemon_reload"] is False
@@ -23,21 +23,30 @@ class TestCmdline:
        run = parser.parse_args(["run"])
        assert init and run

-    def test_init_not_overwrite(self, tmp_path, capsys, monkeypatch):
+    def test_init_not_overwrite(self, capsys, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
        monkeypatch.delenv("CHATMAIL_INI", raising=False)
-        monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
-
-        assert main(["init", "chat.example.org"]) == 0
+        inipath = tmp_path / "chatmail.ini"
+        args = ["init", "--config", str(inipath), "chat.example.org"]
+        assert main(args) == 0
        capsys.readouterr()

-        assert main(["init", "chat.example.org"]) == 1
+        assert main(args) == 1
        out, err = capsys.readouterr()
        assert "path exists" in out.lower()

-        assert main(["init", "chat.example.org", "--force"]) == 0
+        args.insert(1, "--force")
+        assert main(args) == 0
        out, err = capsys.readouterr()
        assert "deleting config file" in out.lower()

+    def test_dns_skip_on_ip(self, capsys, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.delenv("CHATMAIL_INI", raising=False)
+        inipath = tmp_path / "chatmail.ini"
+        assert main(["init", "--config", str(inipath), "1.3.3.7"]) == 0
+        assert main(["dns", "--config", str(inipath)]) == 0
+        out, err = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert out == "[WARNING] 1.3.3.7 is not a domain, skipping DNS checks.\n"
+

 def test_www_folder(example_config, tmp_path):
    reporoot = importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath("../../../../").resolve()
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import pytest

 from cmdeploy import remote
 from cmdeploy.dns import check_full_zone, check_initial_remote_data, parse_zone_records
+from cmdeploy.remote.rdns import get_authoritative_ns


@pytest.fixture
@@ -14,11 +15,15 @@ def mockdns_base(monkeypatch):
        if command.startswith("dig"):
            if command == "dig":
                return "."
-            if "SOA" in command:
+            if "with.public.soa" in command and "NS" in command:
+                return "domain.with.public.soa. 2419 IN NS ns1.first-ns.de."
+            if "with.hidden.soa" in command and "NS" in command:
                return (
-                    "delta.chat. 21600 IN SOA ns1.first-ns.de. dns.hetzner.com."
-                    " 2025102800 14400 1800 604800 3600"
+                    "domain.with.hidden.soa. 2137 IN NS ns1.desec.io.\n"
+                    "domain.with.hidden.soa. 2137 IN NS ns2.desec.org."
                )
+            if "NS" in command:
+                return "delta.chat. 21600 IN NS ns1.first-ns.de."
            command_chunks = command.split()
            domain, typ = command_chunks[4], command_chunks[6]
            try:
@@ -125,6 +130,17 @@ class TestPerformInitialChecks:
        assert not l


+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("domain", "ns"),
+    [
+        ("domain.with.public.soa", "ns1.first-ns.de."),
+        ("domain.with.hidden.soa", "ns1.desec.io."),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_authoritative_ns(domain, ns, mockdns):
+    assert get_authoritative_ns(domain) == ns
+
+
 def test_parse_zone_records():
    text = """
    ; This is a comment
@@ -132,11 +148,28 @@ def test_parse_zone_records():

    ; Another comment
    www.some.domain. 3600 IN CNAME some.domain.
+
+    ; Multi-word rdata
+    some.domain. 3600 IN MX 10 mail.some.domain.
+
+    ; DKIM record (single line, multi-word TXT rdata)
+    dkim._domainkey.some.domain. 3600 IN TXT "v=DKIM1;k=rsa;p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG" "9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA"
+
+    ; Another TXT record
+    _dmarc.some.domain. 3600 IN TXT "v=DMARC1;p=reject"
    """
    records = list(parse_zone_records(text))
    assert records == [
        ("some.domain", "3600", "A", "1.1.1.1"),
        ("www.some.domain", "3600", "CNAME", "some.domain."),
+        ("some.domain", "3600", "MX", "10 mail.some.domain."),
+        (
+            "dkim._domainkey.some.domain",
+            "3600",
+            "TXT",
+            '"v=DKIM1;k=rsa;p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG" "9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA"',
+        ),
+        ("_dmarc.some.domain", "3600", "TXT", '"v=DMARC1;p=reject"'),
    ]


@@ -148,7 +181,6 @@ def test_parse_zone_records_invalid_line():

 def parse_zonefile_into_dict(zonefile, mockdns_base, only_required=False):
    if only_required:
-        # Only take records before the "; Recommended" section
        zonefile = zonefile.split("; Recommended")[0]
    for name, ttl, rtype, rdata in parse_zone_records(zonefile):
        mockdns_base.setdefault(rtype, {})[name] = rdata
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+from contextlib import nullcontext
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+from pyinfra.facts.deb import DebPackages
+
+from cmdeploy.dovecot import deployer as dovecot_deployer
+
+
+def make_host(*fact_pairs):
+    """Build a mock host; get_fact(cls) dispatches to the provided facts mapping.
+
+    Args:
+        *fact_pairs: tuples of (fact_class, fact_value) to register
+
+    Returns:
+        SimpleNamespace with get_fact that raises a clear error if an
+        unexpected fact type is requested.
+    """
+    facts = dict(fact_pairs)
+
+    def get_fact(cls):
+        if cls not in facts:
+            registered = ", ".join(c.__name__ for c in facts)
+            raise LookupError(
+                f"unexpected get_fact({cls.__name__}); only registered: {registered}"
+            )
+        return facts[cls]
+
+    return SimpleNamespace(get_fact=get_fact)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def deployer():
+    return dovecot_deployer.DovecotDeployer(
+        SimpleNamespace(mail_domain="chat.example.org"),
+        disable_mail=False,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def patch_blocked(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(dovecot_deployer, "blocked_service_startup", nullcontext)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_files_put(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer.files,
+        "put",
+        lambda **kwargs: SimpleNamespace(changed=False),
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def track_shell(monkeypatch):
+    calls = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer.server,
+        "shell",
+        lambda **kwargs: calls.append(kwargs) or SimpleNamespace(changed=False),
+    )
+    return calls
+
+
+def test_download_dovecot_package_skips_epoch_matched_install(monkeypatch):
+    epoch_version = dovecot_deployer.DOVECOT_PACKAGE_VERSION
+    downloads = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "host",
+        make_host((DebPackages, {"dovecot-core": [epoch_version]})),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "_pick_url",
+        lambda primary, fallback: primary,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer.files,
+        "download",
+        lambda **kwargs: downloads.append(kwargs),
+    )
+
+    deb, changed = dovecot_deployer._download_dovecot_package("core", "amd64")
+
+    assert deb is None, f"expected no deb path when version matches, got {deb!r}"
+    assert changed is False, "should not flag changed when version already installed"
+    assert downloads == [], "should not download when version already installed"
+
+
+def test_download_dovecot_package_uses_archive_version_for_url_and_filename(
+    monkeypatch,
+):
+    downloads = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "host",
+        make_host((DebPackages, {})),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "_pick_url",
+        lambda primary, fallback: primary,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer.files,
+        "download",
+        lambda **kwargs: downloads.append(kwargs),
+    )
+
+    deb, changed = dovecot_deployer._download_dovecot_package("core", "amd64")
+
+    archive_version = dovecot_deployer.DOVECOT_ARCHIVE_VERSION.replace("+", "%2B")
+    expected_deb = f"/root/dovecot-core_{archive_version}_amd64.deb"
+
+    # Verify the returned path uses archive version, not package version (with epoch)
+    assert changed is True, "should flag changed when package not yet installed"
+    assert deb == expected_deb, f"deb path mismatch: {deb!r} != {expected_deb!r}"
+    assert dovecot_deployer.DOVECOT_PACKAGE_VERSION not in deb, (
+        f"deb path should use archive version (no epoch), got {deb!r}"
+    )
+    assert len(downloads) == 1, "files.download should be called exactly once"
+
+
+def test_install_skips_dpkg_path_when_epoch_matched_packages_present(
+    deployer, patch_blocked, mock_files_put, track_shell, monkeypatch
+):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "host",
+        make_host(
+            (
+                dovecot_deployer.DebPackages,
+                {
+                    "dovecot-core": [dovecot_deployer.DOVECOT_PACKAGE_VERSION],
+                    "dovecot-imapd": [dovecot_deployer.DOVECOT_PACKAGE_VERSION],
+                    "dovecot-lmtpd": [dovecot_deployer.DOVECOT_PACKAGE_VERSION],
+                },
+            ),
+            (dovecot_deployer.Arch, "x86_64"),
+        ),
+    )
+    downloads = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer.files,
+        "download",
+        lambda **kwargs: downloads.append(kwargs),
+    )
+
+    deployer.install()
+
+    assert downloads == [], "should not download when all packages epoch-matched"
+    assert track_shell == [], "should not run dpkg when all packages epoch-matched"
+    assert deployer.need_restart is False, (
+        "need_restart should be False when nothing changed"
+    )
+
+
+def test_install_unsupported_arch_falls_back_to_apt(
+    deployer, patch_blocked, mock_files_put, track_shell, monkeypatch
+):
+    # For unsupported architectures, all fact lookups return the arch string.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "host",
+        SimpleNamespace(get_fact=lambda cls: "riscv64"),
+    )
+    apt_calls = []
+
+    # Mirrors apt.packages() return value: OperationMeta with .changed property.
+    # Only lmtpd triggers a change to verify |= accumulation of changed flags.
+    def fake_apt(**kwargs):
+        apt_calls.append(kwargs)
+        changed = "lmtpd" in kwargs["packages"][0]
+        return SimpleNamespace(changed=changed)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(dovecot_deployer.apt, "packages", fake_apt)
+
+    deployer.install()
+
+    actual_pkgs = [c["packages"] for c in apt_calls]
+    assert actual_pkgs == [["dovecot-core"], ["dovecot-imapd"], ["dovecot-lmtpd"]], (
+        f"expected apt install of core/imapd/lmtpd, got {actual_pkgs}"
+    )
+    assert track_shell == [], "should not run dpkg for unsupported arch"
+    assert deployer.need_restart is True, (
+        "need_restart should be True when apt installed a package"
+    )
+
+
+def test_install_runs_dpkg_when_packages_need_download(
+    deployer, patch_blocked, mock_files_put, track_shell, monkeypatch
+):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "host",
+        make_host(
+            (dovecot_deployer.DebPackages, {}),
+            (dovecot_deployer.Arch, "x86_64"),
+        ),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer,
+        "_pick_url",
+        lambda primary, fallback: primary,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        dovecot_deployer.files,
+        "download",
+        lambda **kwargs: SimpleNamespace(changed=True),
+    )
+
+    deployer.install()
+
+    assert len(track_shell) == 1, (
+        f"expected one server.shell() call for dpkg install, got {len(track_shell)}"
+    )
+    cmds = track_shell[0]["commands"]
+    assert len(cmds) == 3, f"expected 3 dpkg/apt commands, got: {cmds}"
+    assert cmds[0].startswith("dpkg --force-confdef --force-confold -i ")
+    assert "apt-get -y --fix-broken install" in cmds[1]
+    assert cmds[2].startswith("dpkg --force-confdef --force-confold -i ")
+    assert deployer.need_restart is True, (
+        "need_restart should be True after dpkg install"
+    )
+
+
+def test_pick_url_falls_back_on_primary_error(monkeypatch):
+    def raise_error(req, timeout):
+        raise OSError("connection timeout")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(dovecot_deployer.urllib.request, "urlopen", raise_error)
+    result = dovecot_deployer._pick_url("http://primary", "http://fallback")
+    assert result == "http://fallback", (
+        f"should fall back when primary fails, got {result!r}"
+    )
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-import importlib.resources
+from pathlib import Path

 from cmdeploy.www import build_webpages


 def test_build_webpages(tmp_path, make_config):
-    pkgroot = importlib.resources.files("cmdeploy")
-    src_dir = pkgroot.joinpath("../../../www/src").resolve()
+    src_dir = (Path(__file__).resolve() / "../../../../../www/src").resolve()
    assert src_dir.exists(), src_dir
    config = make_config("chat.example.org")
    build_dir = tmp_path.joinpath("build")
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for cmdeploy lxc-* subcommands."""
-
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-import pytest
-
-from cmdeploy.lxc import cli
-from cmdeploy.lxc.incus import Incus
-from cmdeploy.util import Out
-
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
-    not shutil.which("incus"),
-    reason="incus not installed",
-)
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Fixtures
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def ix():
-    out = Out()
-    return Incus(out)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def lxc_setup():
-    out = Out()
-    ix = Incus(out)
-    ix.get_dns_container().ensure()
-    return ix.list_managed()
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def relay_container(lxc_setup):
-    test_names = {f"{n}-localchat" for n in cli.RELAY_NAMES}
-    relays = [c for c in lxc_setup if c["name"] in test_names and c.get("ip")]
-    if not relays:
-        pytest.skip("no test relay containers running")
-    return relays[0]
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def cmdeploy():
-    def run(*args):
-        return subprocess.run(
-            [sys.executable, "-m", "cmdeploy.cmdeploy", *args],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            check=False,
-        )
-
-    return run
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Tests
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "subcmd, expected, absent",
-    [
-        (None, ["lxc-start", "lxc-stop", "lxc-test", "lxc-status"], ["lxc-destroy"]),
-        ("lxc-start", ["--ipv4-only", "--run"], ["--config"]),
-        ("lxc-stop", ["--destroy", "--destroy-all"], ["--config"]),
-        ("lxc-test", ["--one"], ["--config"]),
-        ("lxc-status", [], ["--config"]),
-        ("run", ["--ssh-config"], ["--lxc"]),
-        ("dns", ["--ssh-config"], []),
-        ("test", ["--ssh-config"], []),
-        ("status", ["--ssh-config"], []),
-    ],
-)
-def test_help_options(cmdeploy, subcmd, expected, absent):
-    args = [subcmd, "--help"] if subcmd else ["--help"]
-    result = cmdeploy(*args)
-    output = result.stdout + result.stderr
-    assert result.returncode == 0
-    for flag in expected:
-        assert flag in output
-    for flag in absent:
-        assert flag not in output
-
-
-class TestSSHConfig:
-    def test_lxconfigs(self, ix, lxc_setup):
-        d = ix.lxconfigs_dir
-        assert d.name == "lxconfigs"
-        assert d.exists()
-        path = ix.ssh_config_path
-        assert path.name == "ssh-config"
-        assert path.parent.name == "lxconfigs"
-
-    def test_write_ssh_config(self, ix, lxc_setup):
-        path = ix.write_ssh_config()
-        assert path.exists()
-        text = path.read_text()
-
-        for c in lxc_setup:
-            if c.get("ip"):
-                assert c["name"] in text
-                assert f"Hostname {c['ip']}" in text
-
-        assert "User root" in text
-        assert "IdentityFile" in text
-        assert "StrictHostKeyChecking accept-new" in text
-
-
-def test_dns(ix, relay_container):
-    def dig(qname, qtype):
-        ct = ix.get_dns_container()
-        return ct.bash(f"dig @127.0.0.1 {qname} {qtype} +short").strip()
-
-    domain = relay_container["domain"]
-    assert dig(domain, "A") == relay_container["ip"]
-    assert domain in dig(domain, "MX")
-    assert "587" in dig(f"_submission._tcp.{domain}", "SRV")
-
-
-class TestLxcStatus:
-    def test_cli_lxc_status_help(self, cmdeploy):
-        result = cmdeploy("lxc-status", "--help")
-        assert result.returncode == 0
-        assert "status" in result.stdout.lower()
-
-    def test_shows_containers(self, lxc_setup, capsys):
-        class QuietOut(Out):
-            def red(self, msg, **kw):
-                pass
-
-            def green(self, msg, **kw):
-                pass
-
-        ret = cli.lxc_status_cmd(None, QuietOut())
-        assert ret == 0
-        captured = capsys.readouterr().out
-        assert "ns-localchat" in captured
-        assert "running" in captured
-
-    def test_deploy_freshness(self, ix, monkeypatch):
-        ct = ix.get_container("x")
-
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "cmdeploy.lxc.incus.RelayContainer.deployed_version",
-            lambda _self: "abc123def456",
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "cmdeploy.lxc.incus.RelayContainer.deployed_domain",
-            lambda _self: ct.domain,
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "cmdeploy.lxc.cli.get_version_string",
-            lambda: "abc123def456",
-        )
-        assert "IN-SYNC" in cli._deploy_status(ct, "abc123def456", ix)
-        assert "STALE" in cli._deploy_status(ct, "other_hash_here", ix)
-
-        # Hash matches but local has uncommitted changes
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "cmdeploy.lxc.cli.get_version_string",
-            lambda: "abc123def456\ndiff --git a/foo",
-        )
-        assert "DIRTY" in cli._deploy_status(ct, "abc123def456", ix)
-
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "cmdeploy.lxc.incus.RelayContainer.deployed_version",
-            lambda _self: None,
-        )
-        assert "NOT DEPLOYED" in cli._deploy_status(ct, "abc123", ix)
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-from cmdeploy.util import Out, collapse, get_git_hash, get_version_string, shell
-
-
-class TestOut:
-    def test_prefix_default(self, capsys):
-        out = Out()
-        out.print("hello")
-        assert capsys.readouterr().out == "hello\n"
-
-    def test_prefix_custom(self, capsys):
-        out = Out(prefix=">> ")
-        out.print("hello")
-        assert capsys.readouterr().out == ">> hello\n"
-
-    def test_prefix_print_file(self):
-        import io
-
-        buf = io.StringIO()
-        out = Out(prefix=":: ")
-        out.print("msg", file=buf)
-        assert ":: msg" in buf.getvalue()
-
-    def test_new_prefixed_out(self, capsys):
-        parent = Out(prefix="A")
-        child = parent.new_prefixed_out("B")
-        child.print("x")
-        assert capsys.readouterr().out == "ABx\n"
-        # shares section_timings
-        assert child.section_timings is parent.section_timings
-
-    def test_section_no_auto_indent(self, capsys):
-        out = Out(prefix="")
-        with out.section("test"):
-            out.print("inside")
-        captured = capsys.readouterr().out
-        # "inside" should NOT be indented by section()
-        lines = captured.strip().splitlines()
-        inside_line = [l for l in lines if "inside" in l][0]
-        assert inside_line == "inside"
-
-    def test_section_records_timing(self):
-        out = Out()
-        with out.section("s1"):
-            pass
-        assert len(out.section_timings) == 1
-        assert out.section_timings[0][0] == "s1"
-
-    def test_shell_failure_shows_output(self):
-        """When a shell command fails, its output and exit code are shown."""
-        import subprocess
-
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            [
-                sys.executable,
-                "-c",
-                "from cmdeploy.util import Out; Out(prefix='').shell("
-                "\"echo 'boom on stderr' >&2; exit 42\")",
-            ],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            check=False,
-        )
-        # the command's stderr is merged into stdout by Popen
-        assert "boom on stderr" in result.stdout
-        # Out.red() prints the failure notice to stderr
-        assert "exit code 42" in result.stderr
-
-
-def test_collapse():
-    text = """
-        line 1
-        line 2
-    """
-    assert collapse(text) == "line 1 line 2"
-    assert collapse("  single line  ") == "single line"
-
-
-def test_git_helpers_no_git(tmp_path):
-    # Not a git repo
-    assert get_git_hash(root=tmp_path) is None
-    assert get_version_string(root=tmp_path) == "unknown"
-
-
-def test_git_helpers_empty_repo(tmp_path):
-    shell("git init", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-    # No commits yet
-    assert get_git_hash(root=tmp_path) is None
-    assert get_version_string(root=tmp_path) == "unknown"
-
-
-def test_git_helpers_with_commits_and_diffs(tmp_path):
-    shell("git init", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-    shell("git config user.email you@example.com", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-    shell("git config user.name 'Your Name'", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-
-    # First commit
-    path = tmp_path / "file.txt"
-    path.write_text("content")
-    shell("git add file.txt", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-    shell("git commit -m initial", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-
-    git_hash = get_git_hash(root=tmp_path)
-    assert len(git_hash) >= 7  # usually 40, but git is git
-    assert get_version_string(root=tmp_path) == git_hash
-
-    # Create a diff
-    path.write_text("new content")
-    v = get_version_string(root=tmp_path)
-    assert v.startswith(git_hash + "\n")
-    assert "new content" in v
-    assert not v.endswith("\n")
-
-    # Commit again -> no diff
-    shell("git add file.txt", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-    shell("git commit -m second", cwd=tmp_path, check=True)
-    new_hash = get_git_hash(root=tmp_path)
-    assert new_hash != git_hash
-    assert get_version_string(root=tmp_path) == new_hash
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-# Managed by cmdeploy: disable IPv6 in unbound.
+# Managed by cmdeploy
 server:
+{% if disable_ipv6 %}
  interface: 127.0.0.1
  do-ip6: no
+{% endif %}
+  cache-max-negative-ttl: 0
@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
-"""Shared utility functions for cmdeploy."""
-
-import os
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import textwrap
-import time
-from contextlib import contextmanager
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from termcolor import colored
-
-
-class Out:
-    """Convenience output printer providing coloring and section formatting."""
-
-    def __init__(self, prefix="", verbosity=0):
-        self.section_timings = []
-        self.prefix = prefix
-        self.sepchar = "\u2501"
-        self.verbosity = verbosity
-        env_width = os.environ.get("_CMDEPLOY_WIDTH")
-        if env_width:
-            self.section_width = int(env_width)
-        else:
-            self.section_width = shutil.get_terminal_size((80, 24)).columns
-
-    def new_prefixed_out(self, newprefix="  "):
-        """Return a new Out with an extended prefix,
-        sharing section_timings with the parent.
-        """
-        out = Out(
-            prefix=self.prefix + newprefix,
-            verbosity=self.verbosity,
-        )
-        out.section_timings = self.section_timings
-        return out
-
-    def red(self, msg, file=sys.stderr):
-        print(colored(self.prefix + msg, "red"), file=file, flush=True)
-
-    def green(self, msg, file=sys.stderr):
-        print(colored(self.prefix + msg, "green"), file=file, flush=True)
-
-    def print(self, msg="", **kwargs):
-        """Print to stdout with automatic flush."""
-        if msg:
-            msg = self.prefix + msg
-        print(msg, flush=True, **kwargs)
-
-    def _format_header(self, title):
-        """Return a formatted section header string."""
-        width = self.section_width - len(self.prefix)
-        bar = self.sepchar * (width - len(title) - 5)
-        return f"{self.sepchar * 3} {title} {bar}"
-
-    @contextmanager
-    def section(self, title):
-        """Context manager that prints a section header and records elapsed time."""
-        self.green(self._format_header(title))
-        t0 = time.time()
-        yield
-        elapsed = time.time() - t0
-        self.section_timings.append((title, elapsed))
-
-    def section_line(self, title):
-        """Print a section header without timing."""
-        self.green(self._format_header(title))
-
-    def shell(self, cmd, quiet=False, **kwargs):
-        """Print *cmd*, run it, and re-print its output with the current prefix.
-
-        *cmd* is passed through :func:`collapse`, so callers
-        can use triple-quoted f-strings freely.
-        Stdout and stderr are merged, read line-by-line,
-        and each line is printed with ``self.prefix`` prepended.
-        When the command exits non-zero, a red error line is printed.
-        """
-        cmd = collapse(cmd)
-        if not quiet:
-            self.print(f"$ {cmd}")
-        indent = self.prefix + "  "
-        env = kwargs.pop("env", None)
-        if env is None:
-            env = os.environ.copy()
-        env["_CMDEPLOY_WIDTH"] = str(self.section_width - len(indent))
-        proc = subprocess.Popen(
-            cmd,
-            shell=True,
-            text=True,
-            stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
-            env=env,
-            **kwargs,
-        )
-        for line in proc.stdout:
-            sys.stdout.write(indent + line)
-            sys.stdout.flush()
-        ret = proc.wait()
-        if ret:
-            self.red(f"command failed with exit code {ret}: {cmd}")
-        return ret
-
-
-def _project_root():
-    """Return the project root directory."""
-    return Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent.parent
-
-
-def collapse(text):
-    """Dedent, join lines, and strip a (triple-quoted) string.
-
-    Handy for writing shell commands across multiple lines::
-
-        cmd = collapse(f\"""
-            cmdeploy run
-            --config {ct.ini}
-            --ssh-host {ct.domain}
-        \""")
-    """
-    return textwrap.dedent(text).replace("\n", " ").strip()
-
-
-def shell(cmd, check=False, **kwargs):
-    """Run a shell command string with sensible defaults.
-
-    *cmd* is passed through :func:`collapse` first, so callers
-    can use triple-quoted f-strings freely.
-    Captures stdout/stderr by default; pass ``capture_output=False``
-    to stream output to the terminal instead.
-    """
-    if "capture_output" not in kwargs and "stdout" not in kwargs:
-        kwargs["capture_output"] = True
-    kwargs.setdefault("stdin", subprocess.DEVNULL)
-    return subprocess.run(collapse(cmd), shell=True, text=True, check=check, **kwargs)
-
-
-def get_git_hash(root=None):
-    """Return the local HEAD commit hash, or None."""
-    if root is None:
-        root = _project_root()
-    result = shell(
-        "git rev-parse HEAD",
-        cwd=str(root),
-    )
-    if result.returncode == 0:
-        return result.stdout.strip()
-    return None
-
-
-def get_version_string(root=None):
-    """Return ``git_hash\\ngit_diff`` for the local working tree.
-
-    Used by :class:`~cmdeploy.deployers.GithashDeployer` to write
-    ``/etc/chatmail-version`` and by ``lxc-status`` to compare
-    the deployed state against the local checkout.
-    """
-    if root is None:
-        root = _project_root()
-    git_hash = get_git_hash(root=root) or "unknown"
-    try:
-        git_diff = shell("git diff", cwd=str(root)).stdout.strip()
-    except Exception:
-        git_diff = ""
-    if git_diff:
-        return f"{git_hash}\n{git_diff}"
-    return git_hash
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import hashlib
-import importlib.resources
 import re
 import time
 import traceback
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ def prepare_template(source):


 def get_paths(config) -> (Path, Path, Path):
-    reporoot = importlib.resources.files(__package__).joinpath("../../../").resolve()
+    reporoot = (Path(__file__).resolve() / "../../../../").resolve()
    www_path = Path(config.www_folder)
    # if www_folder was not set, use default directory
    if config.www_folder == "":
@@ -133,8 +132,7 @@ def find_merge_conflict(src_dir) -> Path:


 def main():
-    path = importlib.resources.files(__package__)
-    reporoot = path.joinpath("../../../").resolve()
+    reporoot = (Path(__file__).resolve() / "../../../../").resolve()
    inipath = reporoot.joinpath("chatmail.ini")
    config = read_config(inipath)
    config.webdev = True
@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@

 You can use the `make` command and `make html` to build web pages. 

-You need a Python environment where the following install was excuted: 
-
-    pip install furo sphinx-autobuild
+You need a Python environment with `sphinx` and other
+dependencies, you can create it by running `scripts/initenv.sh`
+from the repository root.

 To develop/change documentation, you can then do: 

+    . venv/bin/activate
+    cd doc
    make auto 

 A page will open at https://127.0.0.1:8000/ serving the docs and it will 
@@ -15,13 +15,19 @@ author = 'chatmail collective'

 extensions = [
    #'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    #'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
+    #'sphinx.ext.viewdoc',
    'sphinxcontrib.mermaid',
 ]

 templates_path = ['_templates']
 exclude_patterns = []

+linkcheck_ignore = [
+    # only resolves once the file is merged to main
+    r"https://github\.com/chatmail/relay/blob/main/chatmaild/src/chatmaild/defaults/appversions\.json",
+]
+
+


 # -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ goes beyond what classic email servers offer:
   streaming, privacy-preserving Push Notifications for Apple, Google, and `Ubuntu Touch <https://docs.ubports.com/en/latest/appdev/guides/pushnotifications.html>`_;

 -  **Security Enforcement**: only strict TLS, DKIM and OpenPGP with minimized metadata accepted
+   (DKIM is not enforced on :ref:`IP-only relays <iponly>`)

 -  **Reliable Federation and Decentralization:** No spam or IP reputation checks, federating
   depends on established IETF standards and protocols.
@@ -47,6 +48,29 @@ Dovecot, and are configured to run unattended without much maintenance
 effort. Chatmail relays happily run on low-end hardware like a Raspberry
 Pi.

+.. _upgrade:
+
+How can I upgrade my chatmail relay?
+------------------------------------
+
+To upgrade to the latest ``main`` branch,
+``cd`` into your local checkout of `https://github.com/chatmail/relay/`_
+and run the following commands:
+
+   ::
+
+       git pull origin main --rebase --autostash
+       scripts/initenv.sh
+       scripts/cmdeploy run
+
+If you don't want the latest development version,
+but a specific tagged release like `1.10.0 <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/releases/tag/1.10.0>`_,
+run ``git pull origin 1.10.0`` instead.
+
+If you made local changes for your setup,
+they will be reapplied as long as they don't conflict with the upgrade.
+If a conflict arises, ``git status`` will tell you how to resolve it.
+

 How trustable are chatmail relays?
 ----------------------------------
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ Minimal requirements and prerequisites

 You will need the following:

-  Control over a domain through a DNS provider of your choice.
-
 -  A Debian 12 **deployment server** with reachable SMTP/SUBMISSIONS/IMAPS/HTTPS ports.
   IPv6 is encouraged if available. Chatmail relay servers only require
   1GB RAM, one CPU, and perhaps 10GB storage for a few thousand active
@@ -28,6 +26,11 @@ You will need the following:
   (An ed25519 private key is required due to an `upstream bug in
   paramiko <https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/issues/2191>`_)

+-  Control over a domain through a DNS provider of your choice
+   (there is experimental support for :ref:`IP-only relays <iponly>`).
+
+
+.. _setup:

 Setup with ``scripts/cmdeploy``
 -------------------------------------
@@ -98,6 +101,15 @@ steps. Please substitute it with your own domain.
   configure at your DNS provider (it can take some time until they are
   public).

+
+
+Docker installation
+-------------------
+
+There is experimental support for running chatmail via Docker.
+A monolithic image based on the above cmdeploy method is available `through a separate repository <https://github.com/chatmail/docker/pkgs/container/docker>`_.
+See the `chatmail/docker README <https://github.com/chatmail/docker>`_ for full setup instructions.
+
 Other helpful commands
 ----------------------

@@ -187,6 +199,93 @@ creating addresses, login with ssh to the deployment machine and run:
 Chatmail address creation will be denied while this file is present.


+.. _system-limits:
+
+Configurable System Limits
+--------------------------
+
+Limits for auto-rejecting address creation
+..........................................
+
+A relay refuses creation of new addresses
+when the machine runs low on resources,
+but existing addresses keep working.
+
+Three ``chatmail.ini`` settings control this,
+shown here with their defaults::
+
+    max_load_1m = 5
+    min_available_memory = 200M
+    min_free_disk_space = 1G
+
+- ``max_load_1m`` is the maximum 1-minute load average,
+  as reported by ``uptime``;
+  it counts processes waiting for disk I/O as well as for CPU.
+  It is deliberately not scaled by the number of CPUs
+  because I/O rather than CPU is what typically limits a relay.
+
+- ``min_available_memory`` is the minimum memory available without swapping.
+
+- ``min_free_disk_space`` is the minimum free disk space
+  on the file system holding the mailboxes.
+
+The defaults suit the small machine described in
+`Minimal requirements and prerequisites`_.
+
+.. note::
+
+   If you run a bigger machine,
+   raise ``max_load_1m`` after watching ``uptime`` under typical load.
+
+Rejections are logged by the ``doveauth`` service,
+so you can check whether a limit is set too tightly::
+
+    journalctl -u doveauth --grep 'registration rejected'
+
+If ``mtail_address`` is set, rejections are also counted
+in the ``rejected_registrations`` metric.
+
+
+Overall IMAP and SMTP connection limits
+.......................................
+
+Two further settings bound how many connections
+the relay accepts at all, again shown with their defaults::
+
+    max_imap_connections = 10000
+    max_smtp_connections = 1000
+
+``max_imap_connections`` becomes the Dovecot imap process limit,
+and ``max_smtp_connections`` the Postfix process limit
+on each of the submission and smtps ports.
+A single client IP may use up to a fifth of ``max_smtp_connections``.
+Each connection costs memory,
+so these limits defend the relay against running out of RAM.
+
+Unless ``imap_compress`` is enabled,
+an IMAP connection that is idle for ``imap_hibernate_timeout``
+is handed over to the ``imap-hibernate`` process
+and does not count towards ``max_imap_connections``,
+which is why a relay can serve far more IMAP clients
+than this setting suggests.
+
+If you run a large relay with 10k or 100k's of addresses,
+check current connection counts before upgrading
+and set the limits accordingly.
+
+To see how close a running relay is to these two limits,
+copy ``scripts/check-connections.sh`` from the relay repository
+onto the relay and run it there::
+
+    imap             5  ports 143,993   (max_imap_connections)
+                     5  dovecot sessions, 0 of them in an active imap process
+    submission       0  ports 465,587   (max_smtp_connections per port)
+    incoming         0  port 25         (from other relays, no chatmail.ini limit)
+
+It counts established sockets with ``ss``
+and cross-checks the IMAP number against ``doveadm who``.
+
+
 Running a relay with self-signed certificates
 ----------------------------------------------

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Contributions and feedback welcome through the https://github.com/chatmail/relay
    proxy
    migrate
    overview
-    lxc
+    reverse_dns
    related
    faq
+    iponly
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.. _iponly:
+
+Hosting without DNS records
+===========================
+
+.. note::
+
+   This option is experimental and might change without notice.
+
+In case you don't have a domain,
+for example in a local network,
+you can run a chatmail relay with only an IPv4 address as well.
+
+To deploy a relay without a domain,
+run ``cmdeploy init`` with only the IPv4 address
+during the :ref:`installation steps <setup>`,
+for example ``cmdeploy init 13.12.23.42``.
+
+Drawbacks
+---------
+
+- your transport encryption will only use self-signed TLS certificates,
+  which are vulnerable against MITM attacks.
+  the chatmail core's end-to-end encryption should suffice in most scenarios though.
+
+- your messages will not be DKIM-signed;
+  experimentally, most chatmail relays accept non-DKIM-signed messages from IP-only relays,
+  but some relays might not accept messages from yours.
+
+
+Email addresses
+---------------
+
+When running without a domain,
+your chatmail addresses will use the IPv4 address
+in brackets as the domain part,
+for example ``user@[13.12.23.42]``.
+This is a valid email address format
+according to :rfc:`5321`.
+
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-Local testing with LXC/Incus
-============================
-
-The ``cmdeploy`` tool includes support for running
-chatmail relays inside local
-`Incus <https://linuxcontainers.org/incus/>`_ LXC containers.
-This is meant for development, testing, and CI
-without requiring a remote server.
-LXC system containers are lightweight virtual machines
-that share the host's kernel but run their own init system,
-package manager, and network stack,
-so the cmdeploy deployment scripts work pretty much
-as they would on a real Debian server or cloud VPS.
-
-Prerequisites
-------------
-
-Install `Incus <https://linuxcontainers.org/incus/>`_
-(LXC container manager).
-See the `official installation guide
-<https://linuxcontainers.org/incus/docs/main/installing/>`_
-for full details.
-
-After installing incus, initialise and grant yourself access::
-
-    sudo incus admin init --minimal
-    sudo usermod -aG incus-admin $USER
-
-
-.. caution::
-
-   Adding yourself to ``incus-admin`` grants effective root access
-   to the host: any member can mount host directories into a container
-   and manipulate them as root.
-   This is fine for local testing of your own relay branches,
-   but do **not** use it for production setups
-   or for testing untrusted relay branches from others.
-
-.. warning::
-
-   You **must now log out and back in** (or run ``newgrp incus-admin``)
-   after adding yourself to the group.
-   Without this, all ``cmdeploy lxc-*`` commands
-   will fail with permission errors.
-
-Verify the installation works by running ``incus list``,
-which should print an empty table without errors.
-
-
-Quick start
-----------
-
-::
-
-    cd relay
-    scripts/initenv.sh               # bootstrap venv
-    source venv/bin/activate         # activate venv
-    cmdeploy lxc-test                # create containers, deploy, test
-
-The ``lxc-test`` command provides an automated way
-to run the full deployment and test pipeline.
-It executes several ``cmdeploy`` subcommands in sequential steps.
-If a step fails, you can copy-paste the printed command
-and run it manually to debug.
-No host DNS delegation or ``~/.ssh/config`` changes are needed
-because ``lxc-test`` passes the required SSH and DNS options directly.
-
-
-CLI reference
--------------
-
-``lxc-start [--ipv4-only] [--run] [NAME ...]``
-    Create and start containers.
-    Without arguments, creates ``test0-localchat`` and ``ns-localchat`` (DNS).
-    Pass one or more ``NAME`` arguments to create user relay containers instead
-    (e.g. ``cmdeploy lxc-start myrelay``).
-    Use ``--ipv4-only`` to set ``disable_ipv6 = True`` in the generated ``chatmail.ini``,
-    producing an IPv4-only relay.
-    Use ``--run`` to automatically run ``cmdeploy run`` on each container after starting it.
-    Generates ``lxconfigs/ssh-config``.
-    It reuses existing containers and resets DNS zones to minimal records.
-
-``lxc-stop [--destroy] [--destroy-all] [NAME ...]``
-    Stop relay containers.
-    Without arguments, stops ``test0-localchat`` and ``test1-localchat``.
-    Pass ``NAME`` to stop specific containers.
-    Use ``--destroy`` to also delete the containers and their config files.
-    Use ``--destroy-all`` to additionally destroy
-    the ``ns-localchat`` DNS container **and** remove
-    the cached ``localchat-base`` and ``localchat-relay``
-    images, giving a fully clean slate for the next ``lxc-test``.
-    User containers are **never** destroyed unless named explicitly.
-
-``lxc-test [--one]``
-    By default creates, deploys, and tests both ``test0`` and ``test1``
-    for dual-domain federation testing (sets ``CHATMAIL_DOMAIN2=_test1.localchat``).
-    test0 runs dual-stack (IPv4 + IPv6) while test1 runs IPv4-only (``disable_ipv6 = True``).
-    Pass ``--one`` to only deploy and test against ``test0``
-    (skips ``test1``, does not set ``CHATMAIL_DOMAIN2``).
-
-``lxc-status``
-    Show live status of all LXC containers (including the DNS container),
-    deploy freshness (comparing ``/etc/chatmail-version``
-    against local ``git rev-parse HEAD`` and ``git diff``),
-    SSH config inclusion, and host DNS forwarding for ``.localchat``.
-    Reports **IN-SYNC**, **DIRTY** (hash matches but uncommitted changes exist),
-    **STALE** (different commit), or **NOT DEPLOYED**.
-
-
-Container types
-----------------
-
-**Test relay containers** (``test0-localchat``, ``test1-localchat``)
-    Created automatically by ``lxc-test``.
-    **test0** has IPv4 and IPv6 configured,
-    **test1** is IPv4-only (``disable_ipv6 = True``).
-
-**User relay containers** (``<name>-localchat``)
-    Created by ``cmdeploy lxc-start <name>``
-    where ``<name>`` does not start with ``test``.
-    These are personal development instances,
-    never touched by ``lxc-stop --destroy`` unless named explicitly.
-
-**DNS container** (``ns-localchat``)
-    Singleton container running PowerDNS.
-    Created automatically when any relay is started.
-
-
-.. _lxc-ssh-config:
-
-SSH configuration
-----------------
-
-``cmdeploy lxc-start`` generates ``lxconfigs/ssh-config``,
-a standard OpenSSH config file mapping every container name,
-its domain, and a short alias to the container's IP address::
-
-    Host test0-localchat _test0.localchat _test0
-        Hostname 10.204.0.42
-        User root
-        IdentityFile /path/to/relay/lxconfigs/id_localchat
-        IdentitiesOnly yes
-        StrictHostKeyChecking accept-new
-        UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
-        LogLevel ERROR
-
-All ``cmdeploy`` commands (``run``, ``dns``, ``status``, ``test``)
-accept ``--ssh-config lxconfigs/ssh-config`` to use this file.
-``lxc-test`` passes it automatically.
-
-**Using containers from the host shell:**
-
-To make ``ssh _test0`` work from any terminal, add one line to ``~/.ssh/config``::
-
-    Include /absolute/path/to/relay/lxconfigs/ssh-config
-
-
-.. _lxc-dns-setup:
-.. _localchat-tld:
-
-``.localchat`` DNS and name resolution
---------------------------------------
-
-All LXC-managed chatmail domains use the ``.localchat`` pseudo-TLD
-(e.g. ``_test0.localchat``, ``_test1.localchat``),
-a non-delegated suffix that exists only within the local PowerDNS infrastructure.
-A dedicated DNS container (``ns-localchat``)
-is created so that local test relays interact
-with DNS similar to a regular public Internet setup.
-On first start, ``cmdeploy lxc-start`` creates this container
-running two `PowerDNS <https://www.powerdns.com/>`_ services:
-
-* **pdns-server** (authoritative) serves ``.localchat``
-  zones from a local SQLite database.
-
-* **pdns-recursor** (recursive) listens on the Incus
-  bridge so all containers can use it.
-  Forwards ``.localchat`` queries to the local
-  authoritative server and resolves everything else recursively.
-
-After the DNS container is up, ``lxc-start`` configures the Incus bridge
-to advertise its IP via DHCP and disables Incus's own DNS.
-DNS records are then created in two phases matching the "cmdeploy run" deployment flow:
-
-1. **``lxc-start``** resets each relay zone to
-   **SOA, NS, and A** records (plus **AAAA** for dual-stack containers).
-   If host DNS resolution is configured, users can
-   afterwards run ``cmdeploy run --config lxconfigs/chatmail-test0.ini
-   --ssh-config lxconfigs/ssh-config --ssh-host _test0.localchat``.
-   LXC subcommands do not depend on host DNS resolution
-   and resolve addresses via ``lxconfigs/ssh-config``.
-
-2. **``cmdeploy dns --zonefile``** generates a standard
-   BIND-format zone file (MX, TXT/SPF, TXT/DMARC,
-   TXT/MTA-STS, SRV, CNAME, DKIM) and loads it
-   into PowerDNS.
-
-This two-phase approach prevents premature configuration of mail records
-before the relay is actually deployed and running.
-Once ``cmdeploy run`` deploys `Unbound <https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/unbound/>`_
-inside a relay container, Unbound has a configuration plugin snippet
-that forwards all ``.localchat`` queries to the PowerDNS recursor,
-and lets all other queries go through normal recursive resolution.
-
-
-State outside the repository
-----------------------------
-
-All generated configuration by lxc subcommands live in ``lxconfigs/``
-(git-ignored), including the SSH key pair (``id_localchat``),
-per-container ``chatmail-*.ini`` files, zone files, and ``ssh-config``.
-
-The only state *outside* the repository is the Incus containers and images themselves
-(managed via the ``incus`` CLI, labelled with ``user.localchat-managed=true``).
-The Incus image store retains the following snapshot images:
-
-* ``localchat-base``: Debian 12 with openssh-server and Python (built on first run)
-
-* ``localchat-relay``: fully deployed relay snapshot,
-  cached after the first successful ``cmdeploy run``.
-  Subsequent relay containers launch from this image
-  so the deploy step is mostly no-ops (roughly 3× faster than a fresh deploy).
-
-
-.. _lxc-tls:
-
-TLS handling and underscore domains
------------------------------------
-
-Container domains start with ``_`` (e.g. ``_test0.localchat``).
-As described in :doc:`getting_started` ("Running a relay with self-signed certificates"),
-underscore domains automatically use self-signed TLS
-and ``smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt``.
-This permits cross-relay federation between LXC containers
-without any external certificate authority.
-Delta Chat clients connecting to these relays
-must be configured with
-``certificateChecks = acceptInvalidCertificates``
-(the test fixtures handle this automatically).
-`PR #7926 on chatmail-core <https://github.com/chatmail/core/pull/7926>`_
-is meant to make this special setting unnecessary for chatmail clients
-that are connecting to underscore domains.
-
-
-Known limitations
------------------
-
-The LXC environment differs from a production
-deployment in several ways:
-
-**No ACME / Let's Encrypt**:
-  Self-signed TLS only (see :ref:`lxc-tls`);
-  ACME code paths are never exercised locally.
-
-**No inbound connections from the internet**:
-  Containers sit on a private Incus bridge and are not port-forwarded.
-  Only the host and other containers on the same bridge can reach them.
-
-**Local federation only**:
-  Cross-relay mail delivery (e.g. test0 → test1) works between containers on the same host,
-  but these relays are invisible to any external mail server.
-
-**DNS is local only**:
-  The ``.localchat`` pseudo-TLD is not resolvable from the wider internet
-  (see :ref:`lxc-dns-setup`).
-
-**IPv6 is ULA-only**:
-  Containers receive IPv6 addresses from the ``fd42:...`` ULA range on the Incus bridge.
-  These are not globally routable, but are sufficient for testing IPv6 service binding
-  (Postfix, Dovecot, Nginx) and DNS AAAA records inside the local environment.
-  test1 runs with ``disable_ipv6 = True`` to exercise the IPv4-only deployment path.
@@ -102,8 +102,12 @@ short overview of ``chatmaild`` services:
   Apple/Google/Huawei.

 -  `chatmail-expire <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/blob/main/chatmaild/src/chatmaild/expire.py>`_
-   deletes users if they have not logged in for a longer while.
-   The timeframe can be configured in ``chatmail.ini``.
+   deletes old messages, large messages, and entire mailboxes
+   of users who have not logged in for longer than
+   ``delete_inactive_users_after`` days.
+
+-  ``chatmail-quota-expire`` is called by Dovecot's ``quota_warning`` mechanism
+   and will automatically remove oldest messages to keep mailboxes well under ``max_mailbox_size``.

 -  `lastlogin <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/blob/main/chatmaild/src/chatmaild/lastlogin.py>`_
   is contacted by Dovecot when a user logs in and stores the date of
@@ -149,13 +153,17 @@ Chatmail relay dependency diagram
        autoconfig.xml --- dovecot;
        postfix --- |10080|filtermail-outgoing;
        postfix --- |10081|filtermail-incoming;
+        postfix --- |10083|filtermail-transport;
        filtermail-outgoing --- |10025 reinject|postfix;
        filtermail-incoming --- |10026 reinject|postfix;
+        postfix --- |milter opendkim.sock|OpenDKIM
        dovecot --- |doveauth.socket|doveauth;
        dovecot --- |message delivery|maildir["maildir
        /home/vmail/.../user"];
        dovecot --- |lastlogin.socket|lastlogin;
        dovecot --- chatmail-metadata;
+        dovecot --- |quota-warning|chatmail-quota-expire;
+        chatmail-quota-expire --- maildir;
        lastlogin --- maildir;
        doveauth --- maildir;
        chatmail-expire-daily --- maildir;
@@ -172,26 +180,51 @@ Chatmail relay dependency diagram
        style nginx-right fill:#f66;
        style postfix fill:#f66;
        style dovecot fill:#f66;
+        style OpenDKIM fill:#f66;
        style notification-proxy fill:#f66;

-Message between users on the same relay
---------------------------------------
+Accepting and delivering mail
+-----------------------------

 .. mermaid::
-    :caption: This diagram shows the path a non-federated message takes.
+    :caption: This diagram shows all the paths a message can take.

-    graph LR;
-        sender --> |465|smtps/smtpd;
-        sender --> |587|submission/smtpd;
-        smtps/smtpd --> |10080|filtermail;
-        submission/smtpd --> |10080|filtermail;
-        filtermail --> |10025|smtpd_reinject;
-        smtpd_reinject --> cleanup;
-        cleanup --> qmgr;
-        qmgr --> smtpd_accepts_message;
-        qmgr --> |lmtp|dovecot;
-        dovecot --> recipient;
-        dovecot --> sender's_other_devices;
+    flowchart LR
+        subgraph chatmail relay
+            subgraph postfix
+                qmgr .-> lmtp-filtermail["lmtp/lmtp-filtermail (default_transport)"]
+                qmgr .-> lmtp["lmtp (local_transport)"]
+                lmtp --> cleanup["cleanup (lmtp_header_cleanup)"]
+                bounce
+                smtpd-submission["smtpd/submission"]
+                smtpd-smtps["smtpd/smtps"]
+                smtpd-reinject-outgoing["smtpd/reinject-outgoing"] --> authclean["cleanup/authclean (submission_header_cleanup)"]
+                authclean --> qmgr
+                smtpd-smtp["smtpd/smtp"]
+                smtpd-reinject-incoming["smtpd/reinject-incoming"] --> qmgr
+            end
+            lmtp-filtermail --LMTP inet:10083--> filtermail-transport
+            cleanup --LMTP unix:private/dovecot-lmtp --> dovecot
+            dovecot --> maildir
+            smtpd-submission --SMTP inet:10080--> filtermail-outgoing
+            smtpd-smtps --SMTP inet:10080--> filtermail-outgoing
+            filtermail-outgoing --SMTP inet:10025--> smtpd-reinject-outgoing
+            open-dkim["OpenDKIM (signing only)"] <--milter unix:opendkim/opendkim.sock--> smtpd-reinject-outgoing
+            bounce <--milter unix:opendkim/opendkim.sock--> open-dkim
+            bounce --> qmgr
+            nginx
+            smtpd-smtp -.SMTP inet:10081.-> filtermail-incoming
+            nginx -.HTTP inet:10082.-> filtermail-incoming
+            filtermail-incoming --SMTP inet:10026--> smtpd-reinject-incoming
+        end
+        filtermail-transport -.SMTP inet:25.-> mta1[Remote relay]
+        filtermail-transport -.HTTPS /mxdeliv.-> mta1
+        client[Client] -.SMTP inet:587.-> smtpd-submission
+        client -.SMTP inet:465.-> smtpd-smtps
+        client -.SMTP inet:443.-> nginx
+        nginx -.SMTP inet:465.-> smtpd-smtps
+        mta2[Remote relay] -.SMTP inet:25.-> smtpd-smtp
+        mta2 -.HTTPS /mxdeliv.-> nginx

 Operational details of a chatmail relay
 ----------------------------------------
@@ -216,6 +249,33 @@ Fresh chatmail addresses have a mailbox directory that contains:
   directories will typically be empty unless the user of that address
   hasn’t been online for a while.

+App version information (experimental)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A chatmail relay ships the
+`appversions.json <https://github.com/chatmail/relay/blob/main/chatmaild/src/chatmaild/defaults/appversions.json>`_
+file of the ``chatmaild`` package
+and serves its content under the IMAP METADATA key
+``/shared/vendor/deltachat/appversions``.
+Chat apps installed outside of app stores read this key
+to learn about updates and where to download them.
+The mechanism is experimental and may change.
+
+The file travels with the normal deploy:
+update the repository checkout and run ``cmdeploy run``.
+Local modifications of ``appversions.json`` are deployed as-is,
+so you can serve your own app version information,
+including links to app downloads.
+There is no automatic refresh:
+version information changes only when you deploy again.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Note that as of August 2026, only Delta Chat Android Google Play version
+   is beginning to support discovering app versions from relays.
+   Generally, consumers of relay-provided app version information
+   need to verify themselves that downloaded app files are valid.
+
 Active ports
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~

@@ -258,7 +318,8 @@ from the chatmail relay server.
 Email domain authentication (DKIM)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-Chatmail relays enforce :rfc:`DKIM <6376>` to authenticate incoming emails.
+Chatmail relays enforce :rfc:`DKIM <6376>` to authenticate incoming emails
+(except for :ref:`IP-only relays <iponly>`).
 Incoming emails must have a valid DKIM signature with
 Signing Domain Identifier (SDID, ``d=`` parameter in the DKIM-Signature
 header) equal to the ``From:`` header domain. This property is checked
@@ -289,9 +350,7 @@ ensured by ``filtermail`` proxy.
 TLS requirements
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-Postfix is configured to require valid TLS by setting
-`smtp_tls_security_level <https://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#smtp_tls_security_level>`_
-to ``verify``.
+Filtermail (used for delivery) requires a valid TLS.

 You can test it by resolving ``MX`` records of your relay domain and
 then connecting to MX relays (e.g ``mx.example.org``) with
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+Configuring reverse DNS
+=======================
+
+Some email servers reject the emails
+if they don't pass `FCrDNS`_ check, also known as `iprev`_ check.
+
+.. _FCrDNS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward-confirmed_reverse_DNS
+.. _iprev: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8601#section-3
+
+Passing the check requires that the IP address that email is sent from
+should have a ``PTR`` record pointing to the domain name of the server,
+and domain name record should have an ``A/AAAA`` record
+pointing to the IP address.
+
+Modern email relies on DKIM and SPF for authentication,
+while iprev check exists for
+`historical reasons <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-dnsop-reverse-mapping-considerations-06#section-2.1>`_.
+Chatmail relays don't resolve ``PTR`` records,
+so you can ignore this section if configuring ``PTR`` records
+is difficult and federation with legacy email servers that don't accept
+valid DKIM signature for authentication is not important.
+
+Multi-homed setups
+------------------
+
+If you have a server with multiple IP addresses,
+also known as multi-homed setup,
+and don't publish all IP addresses in DNS,
+you need to make sure you are using
+the published address when making outgoing connections.
+
+For example, your server may have a static IP
+address, and a so-called Floating IP or Virtual IP
+that can be moved between servers in case of
+migration or for failover.
+By using Floating IP you can avoid downtime
+and keep the IP address reputation
+for destinatinons that rely on IP reputation and IP blocklists.
+In this case you will only publish
+the Floating IP to DNS and only use the static IP
+to SSH into the server.
+
+If you have such setup, make sure that
+you not only set ``PTR`` records for the Floating IP,
+but make outgoing connections using the Floating IP.
+Otherwise reverse DNS check succeed,
+but forward check making sure your domain name points
+to the IP address will fail.
+Such setup is indistinguishable from someone
+setting IP address ``PTR`` with the domain they don't own
+and as a result don't succeed.
+
+On Linux you can configure source IP address with ``ip route`` command,
+for example:
+::
+
+  ip route change default via <default-gateway> dev eth0 src <source-address>
+
+Make sure to persist the change after verifying it is working.
+You can check what your outgoing IP address is
+with ``curl icanhazip.com``.
+Check both the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
+For IPv4 address use ``curl ipv4.icanhazip.com`` or ``curl -4 icanhazip.com``
+and similarly for IPv6 if you have it.
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+## 0.7.4 - 2026-07-01
+
+### Features
+
+- *(logs)* Log incoming mailer-daemon message sources (#191)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- Update filtermail.mtail (#190)
+
+### Testing
+
+- Place #[tokio::test] after rstest case macros (#192)
+## 0.7.3 - 2026-06-27
+
+### Features
+
+- *(transport)* Worker eviction (#185)
+## 0.7.2 - 2026-06-26
+
+### Documentation
+
+- *(readme)* Disable colors in mermaid diagrams (#180)
+- *(readme)* Update Transport mode doc
+
+### Features
+
+- *(transport)* Destination worker pool
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Implement Display for AddressDomain
+
+### Testing
+
+- Test filtermail-transport
+## 0.7.1 - 2026-06-09
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Switch ratelimiter to MonotonicClock (#167)
+- *(smtp-server)* Correct error when EOF while reading DATA (#168)
+- *(resolver)* Disable negative caching (#170)
+- Ignore CNAME records when resolving TXT records (#177)
+
+### Features
+
+- Switch to aws-lc-rs cryptography provider (#178)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- Add filtermail.mtail so filtermail failures can be monitored (#169)
+## 0.7.0 - 2026-05-26
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Do not crash if accepting new connection fails
+
+### Documentation
+
+- *(readme)* Remove docs for options removed in da9a116 (#162)
+
+### Features
+
+- [**breaking**] Remove passthrough options that allowed unencrypted mail to pass
+## 0.6.6 - 2026-05-12
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Return HTTP 200 because madmail expects it, and make sure https is immediately retried when SMTP fails (#153)
+
+### Features
+
+- Improved SMTP error responses (#147)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- Remove mac and windows from matrix tests (#154)
+- Run cmlxc tests in all classic/classic-ipv4/madmail combinations
+## 0.6.5 - 2026-05-12
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- *(smtp-client)* Handle 421 on reused connection (#145)
+- Advertise 8BITMIME to prevent conversion after DKIM signing (#149)
+- Validate mail data (#150)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- Build and deploy relays with filtermail binary and run interop tests against madmail  (#131)
+
+### Performance
+
+- *(smtp-client)* Use pipelining if server advertises support (#146)
+## 0.6.4 - 2026-05-01
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Implement missing "implicit MX" rule
+
+### Features
+
+- Https transport channel (#122)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- *(transport)* Explicitly handle RFC7505 null MX
+## 0.6.3 - 2026-04-20
+
+### Features
+
+- *(smtp-server)* Log malformed SMTP commands (#118)
+
+### Performance
+
+- *(smtp-client)* Cache connections (#117)
+## 0.6.2 - 2026-04-16
+
+### Documentation
+
+- *(readme)* Reformat README.md (#115)
+
+### Features
+
+- Log disabled recipients (#113)
+- *(transport)* Remote delivery over SMTP (#104)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- *(dependabot)* Update configuration (#114)
+## 0.6.1 - 2026-04-01
+
+### Documentation
+
+- *(readme)* Fix typo (#99)
+
+### Features
+
+- Configurable hosts for listen and reinject (#84)
+- *(resolver)* Enable DNSSEC (#94)
+- Add experimental option to disable mailboxes (#108)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Derive Default for Envelope (#100)
+## 0.6.0 - 2026-03-13
+
+### Documentation
+
+- *(readme)* Fix license link
+- *(readme)* Clarify licensing of the binaries
+- *(readme)* Improve README.md (#88)
+
+### Features
+
+- [**breaking**] Remove IP verification for domain-literals (#90)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- *(ci)* Fix binary publish job (#79)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Use enum for mode cli arg (#83)
+## 0.5.2 - 2026-02-27
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- *(logs)* Log correct address for outbound messages (#70)
+
+### Features
+
+- Check incoming email return address (#72)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- Bump cargo-dist (#73)
+- *(ci)* Build and upload binaries in CI (#76)
+- *(ci)* Add missing Zig dependency (#77)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Check if email is encrypted before verifying DKIM (#71)
+## 0.5.1 - 2026-02-24
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- *(dkim)* Accept TXT records with no `v=` tag (#62)
+- *(smtp)* Properly handle bounce messages (#63)
+- *(dkim)* Accept TXT records with escaped quotes (#61)
+- *(logs)* Log `From` address instead of envelope `MAIL FROM`. (#66)
+## 0.5.0 - 2026-02-20
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- *(dkim)* Make simple header canonicalization work properly (#53)
+
+### Features
+
+- Save rejected messages to `/tmp` (#55)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Do not copy the mail in memory for DKIM verification (#54)
+## 0.4.1 - 2026-02-17
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- *(tests)* Add a way to disable DKIM for tests (#50)
+## 0.4.0 - 2026-02-17
+
+### Features
+
+- [**breaking**] DKIM verifier (#35)
+- Support addresses using domain literals (#42)
+## 0.3.0 - 2026-02-14
+
+### Features
+
+- Support legacy, pre-OpenPGP packet format (#44)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- *(dist)* Switch to musl targets (#31)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Remove unnecessary Arc (#36)
+- Use a custom, minimal SMTP client instead of lettre (#33)
+## 0.2.0 - 2026-01-28
+
+### Features
+
+- Configurable rate limiter max burst size (#28)
+
+### Performance
+
+- Disable Nagle's algorithm and do own buffering on server connections
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Remove Mutex around rate limiter
+## 0.1.2 - 2026-01-22
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Set logs required by grafana to INFO (#21)
+- Make inbound/outbound log messages consistent (#23)
+
+### Performance
+
+- Use governor for rate limiting (#20)
+## 0.1.1 - 2026-01-21
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Improve address extraction from SMTP commands (#14)
+- Correct a typo in SMTP answer (#11)
+- *(config)* Set default values for internal SMTP ports and max message size (#12)
+
+### Features
+
+- Improve logging (#13)
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- *(dist)* Configure cargo-dist (#10)
+- Configure git-cliff
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Get rid of indexing and slicing in check_armored_payload() (#15)
+- Apply more lints (#17)
+## 0.1.0 - 2026-01-19
+
+### Documentation
+
+- *(readme)* Add README.md
+- *(license)* Add LICENSE
+
+### Features
+
+- Initial implementation
+
+### Miscellaneous Tasks
+
+- Init repository
+- *(dependabot)* Setup dependabot
+- *(ci)* Setup CI
+- *(dependabot)* Add github-actions to dependabot
+- *(cargo)* Add metadata
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More